Paul Almeida. 2019. Social Movements. Chapter 8. “Pushing the Limits: Social Movements in the Global South.” State repression (long section); organizational infrastructure. institutions as opposition; authoritarian governments: charts; erosion of rights; state repressive actions; globalization, neoliberalism (long section); discussion of economic development strategies and political actors and resistance Case: local resistance in Mexico, ecological crises and globalization; Transnational movements (long section)
(*) Boudreau, V. (1996). “Northern Theory, Southern Protest: Opportunity Structure Analysis in Cross-National Perspective.” Mobilization 1(2): 175-190. Political process model extended to Southern hemisphere. Extends the political process model of protest, particularly its opportunity structure component, to developing countries. At issue is how to render the model’s central variables & relationships with enough flexibility to accommodate new cases outside the industrial North. Three questions are asked: how movement networks’ internal social connections vary across settings, how variations in state strength & elaboration influence protest; & how the relationship between movement social structure & the external political environment shape opportunities. Also considered is how political opportunity can illuminate new cases if used in connection with specific collective forms that are both encouraged by external structures & responsive to needs & constraints produced by internal structure. PDF
Schock, K. (1999). “People Power and Political Opportunities: Social Movement Mobilization and Outcomes in the Philippines and Burma.” Social Problems 46(3): 355-375. Assesses the relevance of the political opportunity framework for social movements in nondemocratic contexts by applying it to two people power movements that occurred in the Philippines & Burma during the 1980s. The movement in the Philippines culminated in the toppling of the Ferdinand Marcos dictatorship & a democratic transition. The movement in Burma was violently suppressed, &, although multiparty elections were subsequently held as a result of the protest movement, the military regime refused to honor them & remained in power. As expected by the political opportunity framework, influential allies & elite divisions influenced the mobilization & outcomes of the movements. Word Processor Copy of Article
Rodrigues, C., & Prado, M. (2013). A History of the Black Women’s Movement in Brazil: Mobilization, Political Trajectory and Articulations with the State. Social Movement Studies, 12(2), 158–177. sih. This study examines the trajectory and consolidation process of the Black Women’s Movement (BWM) in the Brazilian public sphere since the 1980s. Our objective is to understand the processes that underlie the constitution of this social movement, as well as its points of convergence and divergence with the black and feminist movements. Furthermore, this study discusses the movement’s process of institutionalization/bureaucratization, its articulation with the Brazilian state and the relationship between gender and race in its internal structure and external claims. The study is based on two research projects conducted between 2005 and 2011. The first, carried out between 2005 and 2007, deals specifically with the consolidation of the BWM, while the second, a four-year study completed in 2011, focuses on the relationship between the black movement and the adoption of race-based public policies in Brazil and Colombia. Data for this research were collected from the BWM’s internal documents (a compilation of pamphlets, newsletters and proposals), government documents and informal conversations and semi-structured interviews with 12 black women activists from different regions of the country. Throughout the work, we consider the BWM’s internal processes of creating an autonomous movement as well as its external processes of bureaucratization and interconnection with the state. Focusing on these parallel processes allows us to better understand the movement’s internal conflicts, its articulations with other social movements, its challenges and methods of navigating political/institutional spaces and the ways in which the emergence of black women as political actors has impacted Brazil’s public sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Yan, F. (2013). A Little Spark Kindles a Great Fire? The Paradox of China’s Rising Wave of Protest. Social Movement Studies, 12(3), 342–348. sih. Mass protests in China in recent years have been more frequent and widespread than in other authoritarian settings and have thus become a serious source of concern for the party-state. Many believe that a rising tide of protest has the potential to impose a significant political challenge to the stability of the regime in comparison to the fragile situation of 1989 the Tiananmen incident. However, the motives behind today’s protests are clearly not revolutionary. The growing protest movements do not serve as a severe threat to the continued rule of the Chinese Communist Party for three reasons. First, the nature of recent protests has not been that of pro-democracy; rather, the participants are aggrieved citizens who have suffered economic losses and who demand concrete and practical rights for unfair and unjust treatments. They are politically weak despite their huge numbers. Second, the characteristics of recent protests do not constitute any of the features that would involve serious political risk. Instead, protests are focused on local issues and target specifically at local authorities. Third, the shifting international environments and China’s rise to international power change the political visions of educated Chinese and further undermine their potential to initiate protests that would have more serious political implications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Steinman, Erich. 2012. “Settler Colonial Power and the American Indian Sovereignty Movement: Forms of Domination, Strategies of Transformation.” American Journal of Sociology 117(4):1073-130. doi: 10.1086/662708. This is a dense article that treats decolonial theory and critical theories of the state. Good. Not really skimmable.
Steinman, Erich W. 2016. “Decolonization Not Inclusion:Indigenous Resistance to American Settler Colonialism.” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 2(2):219-36. doi: 10.1177/2332649215615889. More accessible, Descriptions of modes of oppression via settler colonialism and of resistance to them. Expands the idea of resistance.
Roscigno, Vincent J., Julia Miller Cantzler, Salvatore J. Restifo, and Joshua Guetzkow. 2015. “LEGITIMATION, STATE REPRESSION, AND THE SIOUX MASSACRE AT WOUNDED KNEE.” Mobilization 20(1):17–40. How the governmental processes amplified threat and led to the massacre.
Gahman, Levi, Filiberto Penados, and Adaeze Greenidge. 2020. “Indigenous Resurgence, Decolonial Praxis, Alternative Futures: The Maya Leaders Alliance of Southern Belize.” Social Movement Studies 19(2):241–48.
Chabot, Sean, and Stellan Vinthagen. 2015. “DECOLONIZING CIVIL RESISTANCE.” Mobilization 20(4):517–32. Decolonizing civil resistance. Theory essay about decolonial struggles, beyond western ideals. Discusses Ghandi and Fanon and Zapatistas in Mexico and Abahlali in South Africa.