Problem Set 1
(09/16/02)
(Problem sets are not to be
turned in. Answers will be given at the end of the week.)
1. Which of the following is a normative
economic statement?
A) Next year’s inflation rate will be under 4
percent.
B) Consumers will buy more gasoline over the
Christmas holiday even if the price of gas is 10 cents higher than it was
during the Thanksgiving holiday.
C) The government’s cuts in welfare spending
impose an unfair hardship on the poor.
D) The current butter surplus is the result of
federal policies.
2. One point on a PPF (point A) shows
production levels at 50 tons of coffee and 100 tons of bananas. Remaining on
the PPF, an increase of banana production to 140 tons shows coffee production
at 30 tons (point B). Still remaining on the PPF, we see that coffee production
at 10 tons allows banana production at 160 tons (point C). The opportunity cost
of a ton of bananas is
(You can assume the PPF between AB and BC is
linear if necessary)
A) constant because coffee production decreased
by the same amount each time.
B) decreasing, since the increase in banana
production is less at each successive point considered (point A to B to C).
C) 16 to 1, that is for every 1 ton of coffee
given up banana production will increase by 16 tons.
D) increasing from 1/2 ton of coffee to 1 ton
of coffee per ton of bananas as production moves from point A to B to C.
3.A factory produces both CD
players and radios. A technological advance makes it possible to produce more
CD players without increasing the amount of labor or capital used to produce
them. There is no technological advance in radio making.
The factory continues to
produce both CD players and radios. As a result of the technological advance,
the factory can
A) produce more CD players at
a lower opportunity cost but cannot produce more radios.
B) produce more CD players at
a higher opportunity cost, but cannot produce more radios.
C) produce more CD players
and radios, and the opportunity cost of producing radios is generally lower.
D) produce more CD players
and radios, but the opportunity cost of producing radios is generally higher.
4.On the same coordinate graph,
a) graph the line given by the equation y=5-3x,
with y on the vertical axis.
b) graph the line given by the equation x=3+y,
with y on the vertical axis.
c) find the y-intercept for both lines.
d) solve algebraically for the values of x and
y where these two lines cross.
e) find the equation for the line with the same
slope as the one in part a, but having a y-intercept that is 5 units higher.
Graph this line along with the others.
5. Two people, Bill and Tom, can produce either apples
or oranges. Their production abilities are illustrated in the table. Assume
both of them can work up to10 hours a day. If they work less than 10 hours, the
time left has no value. Assume there is no trade between them.
|
Apples/hour |
Oranges/hour |
Bill |
6 |
3 |
Tom |
6 |
1 |
Currently Bill is producing 36 apples and 9
oranges while Tom is producing 30 apples and 5 oranges everyday.
a) Graph the PPFs for Bill and Tom respectively (for
one day with 10 hours of work). Put
apples on the vertical axis and oranges on the horizontal axis.
b) Do Bill and Tom work efficiently in terms of their
utilization of their own resources?
Now assume both of them are producing on their
PPFs:
c) What is the opportunity cost of producing one more
apple for Bill?
d) What is the opportunity cost of producing one more
orange for Bill?
e) What is the opportunity cost of producing one more
apple for Tom?
f) What is the opportunity cost of producing one more
orange for Tom?
g) Who has the absolute advantage in producing
oranges?
h) Who has the comparative advantage in producing
oranges?