WLS Codebooks

Note: Codebooks contain frequency data from the private data release. For some variables, these differ from the frequencies in the public release. Variables that differ between the public and private versions include "(not available on public release)" as part of the variable description, or a note indicating the difference between the public and private versions.

In Person: Education

KEDUC  Education Module

OVERVIEW

With the exception of some now-defunct questions about the participant's
ratings of their success in several spheres of life, the 2011 Education Module
generally replicates its predecessor from the 2005 collection wave. As before,
all participants were asked to update us on their enrollment in post-secondary
courses and attainment of post-secondary degrees since last being interviewed
(2005 for the great majority of them and 1994 for those that did not
participate during the 2005 wave). More specifically, we determined the
approximate completion date and level of any post-secondary degrees earned
since the participant's last interview. 

Unlike in the graduate interview, siblings from whom information on primary
schooling was previously collected were not asked for additional details to
reconcile insufficiencies in the data. For information about the nature of the
Education Module and our educational data at prior collection waves, please see
Appendix B. No new documentation about educational data was added to the
appendix for the 2011 collection wave. 


BRIEF VARIABLE DESCRIPTIONS

    Variable ranges reference dataset/codebook order and are not necessarily 
    alphabetical.
    _____________________________________________________________________
   
    KEDUSTAT-KEDUREL:       Module-Level Status Variables
   
    KB001RE-KB009RED:	    Summary of Educational History Using Data 
    			    Collected in 1994, 2005, and 2011
       	   
    KB010RE,KB012REC: 	    Update of Participant's Educational History 
    			    Since Time of Last Interview
       	  
    KB116RED:               Century-Month Participant Earned Most Recent
    			    Bachelor's Degree Based on 1994, 2005, 
       			    and 2011 Data
                               	
    KB120RED:               Century-Month Participant Earned Most Recent
    			    Degree Based on 1994, 2005, and 2011 Data
                           
    KB122RED:               Indicator for Whether Participant Has Taken 
    			    Any Post-Secondary Courses Since Their Most 
    			    Recent Degree Was Earned
  
    KB027RE:                Indicator for Whether Participant is 
    			    Currently Enrolled in a Formal Program at a
    			    College or University

kedustat: Was the Education Module completed by Participant alone, with help, or by proxy?

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: y_eduproxy1, y_eduhelp0, capiproxy, y_proxy, y_ivwloc

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-28 NOT ASKED OF PARTICIPANT OVER TELEPHONE 30 44 74
1 R COMPLETED ALONE 1467 1650 3117
2 R COMPLETED ALONE WITH SOMEONE ELSE IN THE ROOM 120 58 178
3 R RECEIVED A LITTLE HELP 4 3 7
4 R RECEIVED A LOT OF HELP 0 1 1
6 MODULE PROXY 1 0 1
7 WHOLE INTERVIEW DONE BY PROXY 7 12 19
Note: For many cases a participant's spouse or other family member was present during the interview. This sometimes resulted in the participant relying on the other person for help in answering some or many of the questions. At the end of each module the interviewer indicated the amount of help the participant received and who provided that help. That assessment is covered by codes 1 through 5. Additionally, a code of 7 indicates that the entire interview was administered to a proxy while a code of 6 indicates that this particular module was answered by a proxy but other modules were answered by the participant.

kedurel: Relationship of Education Module helper or proxy to Participant.

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: KEDUSTAT, y_eduproxy1, y_eduhelp0, y_eduhelp1, y_eduhelp2_hfn, y_eduhelp3, y_h1fn-y_h4fn, y_pfn, prxyfnam, y_p1fn-y_p5fn, y_prel, prxyrel, y_p1rel-y_p5rel

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-28 NOT ASKED OF PARTICIPANT OVER TELEPHONE 30 44 74
-4 NOT ASCERTAINED 0 3 3
-2 1587 1708 3295
0 SPOUSE 11 4 15
8 DAUGHTER 0 5 5
43 SISTER 0 1 1
45 SISTER-IN-LAW 0 1 1
48 SON 1 2 3
Note: If this module was administered via proxy or if the participant received help answering the questions in this module then we record the relationship of the proxy/helper to the participant. Although most participants relied on only one helper or proxy for the interview, some had more than one. Thus the value of the relationship code may vary across the modules.

kb001re: Summary of ever attended college.

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: y_b3a, y_ANYR, CB001RE, SB001RE

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-1 DON'T KNOW 1 1 2
1 YES 992 944 1936
2 NO 636 823 1459
Note: If our data from the last collection wave in which the participant was interviewed affirmatively indicate they have attended college at some point, this variable has been assigned a value of "1," signifying "yes". If, on the other hand, we have no conclusive record of the participant ever attending college, this variable reflects their response (including refusals and don't knows) to the following survey question (y_b3a): "since the beginning of [year of last interview], have you taken any courses for credit in a four-year college or university or a two-year college?"

kb005rec: Level of highest degree since high school.

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: KB001RE, y_b3k, c_y_b3k, y_ANYR, CB005REC, SB005REC

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-2 972 1213 2185
1 ASSOCIATE'S DEGREE 56 63 119
2 BACHELOR'S DEGREE 333 293 626
3 MASTER'S DEGREE 179 171 350
4 DOCTORATE OR PROFESSIONAL DEGREE 89 25 114
5 COLLEGE CERTIFICATE NOT CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE 0 3 3
Note: If we lack valid data on the level of the participant's highest degree from the last collection wave in which they were interviewed (whether because they never actually earned a degree or for some other reason) and no new degree was reported in 2011, this variable has been assigned a value of "-2".
Note: Professional Master's programs such as law or business were assigned values of "4," signifying "Doctorate or Professional Degree". This is because such programs normally take 3 years to complete, as opposed to the 2 years required for a typical Master's degree.

kb007rec: Level of most recent degree since high school.

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: KB001RE, y_b3k, c_y_b3k, y_ANYR, CB007REC, SB007REC

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-2 968 1212 2180
1 ASSOCIATE'S DEGREE 57 65 122
2 BACHELOR'S DEGREE 334 291 625
3 MASTER'S DEGREE 180 165 345
4 DOCTORATE OR PROFESSIONAL DEGREE 90 32 122
5 COLLEGE CERTIFICATE NOT CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE 0 3 3
Note: If we lack valid data on the level of the participant's most recent degree from the last collection wave in which they were interviewed (whether because they never actually earned a degree or for some other reason) and no new degree was reported in 2011, this variable has been assigned a value of "-2".
Note: Professional Master's programs such as law or business were assigned values of "4," signifying "Doctorate or Professional Degree". This is because such programs normally take 3 years to complete, as opposed to the 2 years required for a typical Master's degree.

kb103red: Summary of equivalent years of regular education based on highest degree.

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: y_b3k, c_y_b3k, y_ANYR, CB103RED, SB003RED

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-4 NOT ASCERTAINED 43 37 80
6 COMPLETED 6 YEARS OF SCHOOL 1 0 1
7 COMPLETED 7 YEARS OF SCHOOL 4 2 6
8 COMPLETED 8 YEARS OF SCHOOL 9 12 21
9 COMPLETED 9 YEARS OF SCHOOL 8 6 14
10 COMPLETED 10 YEARS OF SCHOOL 19 25 44
11 COMPLETED 11 YEARS OF SCHOOL 24 32 56
12 COMPLETED HIGH SCHOOL / LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF COLLEGE 604 847 1451
13 ONE YEAR OF COLLEGE 90 112 202
14 ASSOCIATE'S DEGREE / TWO YEARS OF COLLEGE 139 147 286
15 THREE OR MORE YEARS COLLEGE 76 66 142
16 BACHELOR'S DEGREE 282 242 524
17 MASTER'S DEGREE 68 62 130
18 TWO-YEAR MASTER'S 124 121 245
19 PROFESSIONAL DEGREES, ONE OR MORE YEARS POST-TWO-YEAR-MASTER'S 76 30 106
20 PhD, MD (See note) 62 27 89
Note: Prior to the 2005 collection wave, the number of years required to complete each post-secondary degree - as well as the major field of study associated with it - were directly ascertained during interviews. Beginning in 2005, however, we started simply asking for an update on the participant's enrollment in college courses and attainment of degrees. As a result of this shift in interview focus, we have not been able to construct intermediate categories for college attendance that did not result in a degree (e.g. "13," signifying one year of college) since the 1994 wave. Instead, we - in 2005 - began making certain assumptions about how many years it took participants to earn newly reported highest degrees. The codes associated with each of the four types of degrees we recognize are as follows: Associate's degree = 14; Bachelor's degree = 16; Master's degree = 18; Doctorate or Professional degree = 20. KB009RED, KB012REC, CB009RED, and CB012REC can be used to isolate all sibling participants about whom these assumptions were made when constructing KB103RED.

kb104red: Summary of equivalent years of regular education based on most recent degree.

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: y_b3k, c_y_b3k, y_ANYR, CB104RED, SB004RED

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-4 NOT ASCERTAINED 43 37 80
5 COMPLETED 5 YEARS OF SCHOOL 0 3 3
6 COMPLETED 6 YEARS OF SCHOOL 1 0 1
7 COMPLETED 7 YEARS OF SCHOOL 4 2 6
8 COMPLETED 8 YEARS OF SCHOOL 9 12 21
9 COMPLETED 9 YEARS OF SCHOOL 8 6 14
10 COMPLETED 10 YEARS OF SCHOOL 19 25 44
11 COMPLETED 11 YEARS OF SCHOOL 24 32 56
12 COMPLETED HIGH SCHOOL / LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF COLLEGE 604 847 1451
13 ONE YEAR OF COLLEGE 90 112 202
14 ASSOCIATE'S DEGREE / TWO YEARS OF COLLEGE 141 150 291
15 THREE OR MORE YEARS COLLEGE 76 66 142
16 BACHELOR'S DEGREE 281 244 525
17 MASTER'S DEGREE 70 62 132
18 TWO-YEAR MASTER'S 121 118 239
19 PROFESSIONAL DEGREES, ONE OR MORE YEARS POST-TWO-YEAR-MASTER'S 76 30 106
20 PhD, MD (See note) 62 22 84
Note: Prior to the 2005 collection wave, the number of years required to complete each post-secondary degree - as well as the major field of study associated with it - were directly ascertained during interviews. Beginning in 2005, however, we started simply asking for an update on the participant's enrollment in college courses and attainment of degrees. As a result of this shift in interview focus, we have not been able to construct intermediate categories for college attendance that did not result in a degree (e.g. "13," signifying one year of college) since the 1994 wave. Instead, we - in 2005 - began making certain assumptions about how many years it took participants to earn newly reported degrees. The codes associated with each of the four types of degrees we recognize are as follows: Associate's degree = 14; Bachelor's degree = 16; Master's degree = 18; Doctorate or Professional degree = 20. KB012REC can be used to isolate all sibling participants about whom these assumptions were made when constructing KB104RED.

kb009red: Flag comparing highest degree levels between last interview and 2011 interview.

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: y_b3j, KB005REC, y_ANYR, CB005REC, SB005REC

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-4 NOT ASCERTAINED 1 5 6
0 NO ADDITIONAL DEGREE IN 2011 (Incl. Never Attended/Graduated College) 1622 1751 3373
1 HIGHEST DEGREE LEVEL AT LAST INTVW. LOWER THAN 2011 HIGHEST LEVEL 4 7 11
2 HIGHEST DEGREE LEVEL AT LAST INTVW. EQUAL TO 2011 HIGHEST LEVEL 2 5 7
Note: Values of "-4," signifying not ascertained, were assigned to participants known to hold a college degree but for whom valid data on highest degree level was unavailable for either the last collection wave in which they were interviewed or the 2011 wave.

kb010re: Since you were last interviewed have you taken any courses for credit in a four-year college or university or a two-year college?

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: y_b3a

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-1 DON'T KNOW 2 3 5
1 YES 36 93 129
2 NO 1591 1672 3263
Note: Participants were instructed not to include commercial, vocational or technical training, apprenticeships, or on-the-job training.
Note: The great majority of participants were last interviewed during the 2005 collection wave; all others were last interviewed during the 1994 wave.

kb012rec: Have you earned a degree from a college or university since you were last interviewed?

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: KB010RE, y_b3j

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-2 1593 1675 3268
-1 DON'T KNOW 1 0 1
1 YES 7 17 24
2 NO 28 76 104
Note: The great majority of participants were last interviewed during the 2005 collection wave; all others were last interviewed during the 1994 wave.

kb116red: Century-month completed most recently reported Bachelor's degree or its equivalent.

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: KB005REC, y_b3j, y_b3k, c_y_b3k, y_b3q92, y_b3r, y_b3s, y_ANYR, CB116RED, SB019REE

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-4 NOT ASCERTAINED 40 43 83
-2 1028 1276 2304
-1 DON'T KNOW 0 1 1
498 - 714 112 91 203
715 - 784 149 79 228
785 - 834 121 90 211
835 - 904 114 92 206
907 - 1312 65 96 161
Note: Century-months are the months elapsed since the beginning of the year 1900. Following the conventions laid out in Appendix O's cor607, months are assigned to seasons based on their mid-points: Spring = April (4); Summer = July (7); Fall = October (10); and Winter = January (1). If the participant specified that their degree was completed in early Winter, December (12) was assigned, January (1) being assigned for those who reported completion in late Winter. If data on the season in which the participant completed their degree was unavailable, the exact century-month of completion was approximated using June (6), the middlemost month of the year.

kb120red: Century-month completed most recent degree.

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: KB007REC, KB012REC, y_b3q92, y_b3r, y_b3s, y_ANYR, CB120RED, SB023RED

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-4 NOT ASCERTAINED 5 6 11
-2 968 1212 2180
-1 DON'T KNOW 0 1 1
583 - 760 147 97 244
762 - 823 153 88 241
828 - 883 156 92 248
884 - 991 130 112 242
994 - 1333 70 160 230
Note: Century-months are the months elapsed since the beginning of the year 1900. Following the conventions laid out in Appendix O's cor607, months are assigned to seasons based on their mid-points: Spring = April (4); Summer = July (7); Fall = October (10); and Winter = January (1). If the participant specified that their degree was completed in early Winter, December (12) was assigned, January (1) being assigned for those who reported completion in late Winter. If data on the season in which the participant completed their degree was unavailable, the exact century-month of completion was approximated using June (6), the middlemost month of the year.

kb122red: Has Participant taken any courses for credit in a four-year college or university or a two-year college since obtaining most recent degree?

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: KB007REC, y_b3a, y_b3j, y_ANYR, CB122RED, SB025RED

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-4 NOT ASCERTAINED 12 31 43
-2 968 1212 2180
-1 DON'T KNOW 2 0 2
1 YES 93 110 203
2 NO 554 415 969
Note: Prior to the 2005 collection wave, data about enrollment in college courses and attainment of college degrees was collected in a way that allowed for determining their timing relative to each other (see SB025RED from the 1994 collection wave). Since 2005, however, we have simply asked participants for an update on their new enrollments and degrees (if applicable) without inquiring as to respective timing. As a result, we can only continue to establish the precedence of degrees to courses for participants who have not reported earning any new degrees since the 1994 wave. It is for this reason that KB122RED only partially replicates SB025RED; participants who have both earned college degrees and taken courses since 1994 (whether the courses taken contributed towards the degree or were independent of it) have been coded as "not ascertained" on this variable.
Note: Participants who refused or did not know when asked about taking college courses for credit (y_b3a) or earning degrees (y_b3j) since last being interviewed have been coded accordingly on KB122RED.

kb027re: Is Participant currently enrolled in a formal program in a college or university?

Data source: Sibling Participant or Proxy      Collected in: 2011      Mode: In person & telephone
Source variables: KB010RE, y_b3si

Frequencies
Value Label Male Female Total
. System missing - NR 2736 2510 5246
-30 NOT PART OF MOSAQ 72 63 135
-2 1593 1675 3268
1 YES 1 7 8
2 NO 35 86 121
Note: Participants were instructed not to include commercial, vocational or technical training, apprenticeships, or on-the-job training.

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