MEMO133.ASC Description and history of all mappings based on 1970 Detailed Occupation, Industry, and Class-of-Worker codes in the WLS. These mappings are: MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUP, MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP, DUNCAN SEI, SIEGEL PRESTIGE, MSEI2, TSEI2, OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION SCORE, and OCCUPATIONAL INCOME SCORE. This document is LONG, and it is organized as follows: I. Introduction II. Definitions III. Description of all mappings of 1970 Occupation, Industry, and Class-of-Worker in the WLS--CORRECT version as in MEMO133.XLS list and COR713.SAS. IV. List of ORIGINAL SOURCE MATERIAL for all status scores in the WLS based on 1970 Occupation/Industry/Class-of-Worker codes V. List of all WLS CORs and MEMOs relating to the inclusion of these Major groups and status scores in the WLS data VI. List of errors introduced into the WLS data for any of these Major groups and status scores mappings through the years VII. References *************************************************************************** *** I . I N T R O D U C T I O N *** *************************************************************************** After finding yet another error in the status scores used with the 1970-basis Occupation codes in the WLS, a long search was embarked upon to come up with the FINAL, DEFINITIVE LIST that should be used. Along the way, requests to update old documentation, preserve original sources in electronic form, provide spreadsheets for public use, etc. made it seem prudent to document the history of these scores as used in the WLS, and to provide not only a description of the scores, but also a detailed history of their sources and errors in one document, in an effort to avoid serious confusion when looking at the past documents. This MEMO is to be included in Appendix E of the Wave 1, and Appendix P of the Waves 2 and 3 WLS codebooks. Also included will be MEMO122 and COR713. All other old CORs and MEMOs relating to 1970-basis status scores and Major group mappings (COR315, COR315d, COR612, COR612c, COR613, COR613a, COR613b, COR226, COR569, COR512, COR521c, COR638, and COR684) shall be removed from the WLS appendices. These old CORs will have a 1-line update referring to this MEMO, and possibly COR713. *************************************************************************** *** I I . D E F I N I T I O N S / S O U R C E S *** *************************************************************************** Class-of-Worker --------------- Distinuishes workers by where their pay comes from. The categories used by the WLS include: 1 - Salaried Worker 2 - Government Worker *3 - Self-Employed Worker, Business Incorporated 4 - Self-Employed Worker, Business Not Incorporated 5 - Unpaid Family Worker 6 - Family Worker (Not Further Specified) * This category is considered "Salaried" by the Census, but is often changed to "Self-Employed" in the WLS. DUNCAN SEI uses Census definition, while Occupational Education and Occupational Income scores use WLS definition. Allocation Code (Occupation) -------------------------------- One of 12 1970-Basis Occupation codes, corresponding to the 12 Major Occupation cateogries used by the Census to randomly assign a case with missing data to a Major Occupation category. The WLS uses Allocation codes for responses too vague for the Detailed Classification System (generally, Aspirations variables in Wave 1). Split Occupation Lines ---------------------- Some Detailed Occupation categories are quite large and heterogeneous; for example, "Managers and Administrators n.e.c." groups the small grocery store owner with the CEO of IBM. Many Census documents break such large categories down into groupings of workers based on (1)their Detailed Industry designation, and/or their (2)Class-of-Worker designation. Occupation lines which are broken down in this way in order to assign status scores (SEI, PRESTIGE, etc.) are referred to as "split". Major Group (Occupation) ------------------------ Occupations which are somewhat similar in their characteristics and/or types of duties are lumped together by the Census into 12 Major Groups in 1970: (1)Professional, Technical and Kindred Workers; (2)Managers and Administrators, Except Farm; (3)Sales Workers; (4)Clerical and Kindred Workers; (5)Craftsmen and Kindred Workers; (6)Operatives, Except Transport; (7)Transport Equipment Operatives; (8)Laborers, Except Farm; (9)Farmers and Farm Managers; (10)Farm Laborers and Farm Foremen; (11)Service Workers, Except Private Household; (12)Private Household Workers. Major Group (Industry) ---------------------- Industries which are somewhat similar in their characteristics and/or products are lumped together by the Census into 12 Major Groups in 1970: (1)Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; (2)Mining; (3)Construction; (4)Manufacturing; (5)Transportation, Communications, and Other Public Utilities; (6)Wholesale and Retail Trade; (7)Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate; (8)Business and Repair Services; (9)Personal Services; (10)Entertainment and Recreation Services; (11)Professional and Related Services; (12)Public Administration. FSD --- Featherman, Sobel, and Dickens (1975). Appendix B lists the Duncan SEI and Siegel PRESTIGE scores, mapped to the 1970 Detailed Occupation Classification system. S&F --- Stevens and Featherman (1981) paper creating the MSEI2 and TSEI2 scales. *************************************************************************** *** I I I . D E S C R I P T I O N O F W L S M A P P I N G S *** *************************************************************************** ****************************************************** *** M A J O R I N D U S T R Y *** ****************************************************** Major Industry categories correspond directly to the 12 Major Industry categories as defined by the U.S. Census 1970 Industrial Classification System. Persons who have an Occupation which is in the military (970-974) are automatically coded to a PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (Major Industry=11) Major Industry category. 1970 1970 1970 Major Ind. Industry Occup. ---------- -------- ------ 1 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries 017-029 2 - Mining 047-058 3 - Construction 067-078 4 - Manufacturing 107-399 5 - Transportation, Communications, and Other Public Utilities 407-499 6 - Wholesale and Retail Trade 507-699 7 - Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 707-719 8 - Business and Repair Services 727-767 9 - Personal Services 769-799 10 - Entertainment and Recreation Services 807-817 11 - Public Administration 907-947 970-974 12 - Professional and Related Services 828-899 NOTE: Public Administration (11) comes before Professional and Related Services (12). This switch is due to an error in coding that existed prior to 1996, where Professional and Related Services were inadvertently combined with Entertainment and Recreation Services (10). Rather than change all the Public Administration codes to 12 and create a new category 11, the Professional and Related Services were just given the new category 12. This error was introduced in COR226, and was fixed in COR569. See ERROR #1 BELOW. ****************************************************** *** M A J O R O C C U P A T I O N *** ****************************************************** Major Occupation categories correspond to 12 Major Occupation categories as defined by the U.S. Census 1970 Occupational Classification System, with some combining of categories, and some Splits by Industry and/or Class-of-Worker in Major categories: 1970 1970 Major Occ. Occup. ---------- ------ 1 - Professional, Technical, and Kindred Workers 001-196 2 - Managers and Administrators, Except Farm 201-246 3 - Sales Workers 260-296 4 - Clerical and Kindred Workers 301-396 5 - Craftsmen and Kindred Workers 401-586 6 - Operatives, Except Transport 601-696 7 - Transport Equipment Operatives 701-726 8 - Laborers, Except Farm 740-796 9 - Farmers and Farm Managers 801-806 10 - Farm Laborers and Farm Foremen 821-846 11 - Service Workers, Except Private Household 901-976 12 - Private Household Workers 980-986 NOTE: These 12 Major Occupation categories are used directly, as-is, for the four Wave 1 variables that do not have Industry and/or Class-of-Worker: Job Respondent Expected to Have While a Senior in High School (OCZ series); Respondent's Aspirations for Selected Child's Job (OCASSK series); Respondent's Expectations for Selected Child's Job (OCEXSK series); and Sibling Respondent's Expected Job While a Senior in High School (XOCZ series). The code to make this transformation IS *NOT* INCLUDED in COR713.SAS (or its predecessors). We combined two Major Occupation categories with similar categories which are separate in the 1970 System. First, Transport Equipment Operatives (701-726) are combined with Operatives, Except Transport (601-696) to make one large Operatives category (601-716). Second, Private Household Workers (980-986) are combined with Service Workers, Except Private Household (901-976) to make one large Service and Private Household Workers (901-986) category. Next, six of the Major Occupation categories were split by Industry or Class-of-Worker characteristics. These Splits correspond to those used by Blau and Duncan in THE AMERICAN OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE (1967, see Chapter 2): (1) Professional, Technical, and Kindred Workers (001-196) are split according to whether they are Salaried or Self-Employed workers. If a person is Self-Employed in an incorporated business (Class-of-Worker=3) then they are considered Self-Employed in this case. (2) Managers and Administrators, Except Farm (201-246) were also split according to whether they are Salaried or Self-Employed workers (with Self-Employed in an incorporated business handled as for Professionals.) (3) Sales Workers (260-296) were split into two Industry categories: Retail Trade (607-699) and Other Industries (017-599; 707-999). (4) Craftsmen and Kindred Workers (401-586) are split into three Industry categories: Manufacturing (107-399), Construction (067-078), and Other Industries (017-058; 407-999). (5) Operatives (601-726) are split into two Industry categories: Manufacturing (107-399) and Other Industries (017-078; 407-999). (6) Laborers, Except Farm (740-786) are also split into two Industry categories: Manufacturing (107-399) and Other Industries (017-058; 407-999). This makes 17 Major Occupation categories: 1970 1970 1970 Class- Major Occ. Occup. Industry of-Wrkr ---------- ------- -------- ------- 1 - Professional, Technical, and 001-196 3-6 Kindred Workers, Self- Employed 2 - Professional, Technical, and 001-196 1-2,7-9 Kindred Workers, Salaried 3 - Managers and Adminstrators, 201-246 1-2,7-9 Except Farm, Salaried 4 - Managers and Administrators, 201-246 3-6 Except Farm, Self-Employed 5 - Sales Workers, Other Industries 260-296 017-599, 707-999 6 - Sales Workers, Retail Trade 260-296 607-699 7 - Clerical and Kindred Workers 301-396 8 - Craftsmen and Kindred Workers, 401-586 107-399 Manufacturing 9 - Craftsmen and Kindred Workers, 401-586 067-078 Construction 10 - Craftsmen and Kindred Workers, 401-586 017-058, Other Industries 407-999 11 - Operatives, Manufacturing 601-726 107-399 12 - Operatives, Other Industries 601-726 017-078, 407-999 13 - Service and Private Household 901-986 Workers 14 - Laborers, Except Farm, 740-796 107-399 Manufacturing 15 - Laborers, Except Farm, 740-796 017-078, Other Industries 407-999 16 - Farmers and Farm Managers 801-806 17 - Farm Laborers and Farm Foremen 821-846 NOTE: This ranking is NOT the same as that used by Blau and Duncan (1967). Blau and Duncan ordered the categories: 1 2 3 5 4 7 6 8 10 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17. That is, Salesmen, Other Industries (5) is moved between Salaried Managers (3) and Self-Employed Managers (6); Clerical Workers (7) are moved ahead of Salesmen, Retail Trade (6), and Craftsmen, Construction (9) are moved after Craftsmen, Other Industries (10) in the Blau and Duncan list. NOTE: For many years, the Age 35 Occupational Aspirations (OCR10/XOCR10) variables mistakingly did not get grouped into this 17-category Major Occupation grouping. See ERROR #14 BELOW for details. NOTE: In MAJOR OCCUPATION variables for Wave 1 data only, a "Don't Know" response for Detailed Occupation (997) is set to a '99' code for Major Occupation (rather than 77, as is true for Major Industry). This will not be fixed. ****************************************************** *** D U N C A N S E I *** ****************************************************** In 1961, Duncan published the first SEI scale (Duncan 1961, Appendix B.) This scale was created using the 1950 Census Occupation and Industry Classification Systems (Class-of-Worker was also used to differentiate among workers in a few Occupation categories, and Self-Employed workers who owned an incorporated business (Class-of- Worker=3) are considered SALARIED WORKERS, not Self-Employed, per Census standards.) In October 1961, Duncan prepared a document which mapped 1950 Occupation/Industry categories to the 1960 Census Occupation and Industry Classification Systems (Duncan 1961, October, Mimeo). No attention was paid to Occupation categories that may have been split into several categories in 1960; rather, categories were matched based on their title. The SEI scores that were created using the 1950 Census data, then, were assigned to the similarly- named Occupation category in the 1960 Classification System. Occupation lines that were split by Industry and/or Class-of-Worker were likewise copied. The Occupation lines that differentiate among Industry and/or Class-of-Worker types within the Occupation are: 1960 1970 Occupation CLASS- Code Code Title IND. OF-WRKR ---- ---- --------------------------------- ---- ------- 260 215 Inspectors, Public Administration X 270 222 Officials and Administrators, n.e.c., X Public Administration 290 245 Managers, Officials, and Proprietors, X X n.e.c. 394 280 Salesmen and Sales Clerks, n.e.c. X 430 441 Foremen, n.e.c. X 450 452 Inspectors, n.e.c. X 685 640 Mine Operatives and Laborers, n.e.c. X 775 690-695 Operatives and Kindred Workers, n.e.c. X 853 964 Policemen and Detectives X 973 780-785 Laborers, n.e.c. X Because data collected in the 1970s had Occupations coded to the 1970 Census Industry and Occupation Classification System, rather than that for 1960, a way needed to be devised to map these 1960- based Duncan SEI to the 1970-basis Occupation and Industry Classification Systems. Fortunately, the Census Bureau provided a document, Technical Paper 26, which used a 100,000-record sample of Occupations coded to both the 1960 and 1970 Classification Systems to "map" the 1960 Occupations to the 1970 categories. The percentage of records mapped from one 1960 Occupation category to a 1970 category were multiplied by the respective population counts in each category, to get counts of the approximate numbers of individuals who moved from 1960 categories to 1970 categories. (Table 1 of Tech. Paper 26 has been typed into an Excel worksheet-- see COR713h.XLS.) A similar exercise was done for the 1960-to-1970 mapping of Industry categories. Featherman, Sobel and Dickens 1975 (FSD 1975), used Tech. Paper 26 to create 1970-basis Duncan SEI scores which were averages of Duncan's Oct. 1961 1960-basis SEI scores, weighted by the percentages of each 1960 Detailed Occupation category making up a Detailed 1970 Occupation category, according to Tech. Paper 26. Of course, back in the early 1970s FSD did not have the advantages of today's software like Excel worksheets, and each of these calculations had to be made by hand. In addition to possible errors and inconsistencies (not to mention missing scores) in FSD's original 1975 list, copies of this list introduced typo- graphical errors; corrections to this list introduced more possible errors; changes in coding and missing values introduced other problems. The following decisions, then, represent our best list of 1970-BASIS DUNCAN SEI SCORES: (1) The use of an Excel worksheet to reproduce the original FSD scores provides a definitive list of the MALE-BASED DUNCAN SEI FOR NON-SPLIT OCCUPATION LINES. Occupations 215 and 222 will NOT be split by Industry (as in Duncan's October 1961 listing), and will be given the Duncan SEI as computed in the Excel worksheet of Tech. Paper 26 (specifically, the default lines for 215 and 222). Occupation 280 will receive the weighted average of SEI scores for Occupations 281-285. (2) For Occupations 245, 441, 452, 640, 690, 692, 694, 695, 780, 785, and 964 (which are split by Industry and/or Class-of- Worker), the original Duncan October 1961 designations are kept, matching 1960 Industry/Class-of-Worker designations to 1970-basis by matching titles only. COR713i.XLS shows these mappings. 215, 222, and 280 are NOT to be treated as Split Occupation lines, and will be assigned the Duncan SEI score based upon the weighted average of 1960 Occupational SEI components (as in #1 above). (3) If Industry and/or Class-of-Worker is missing from an OBSERVATION (but not missing from the whole variable, as in the case of Aspirations) for a Split Occupation line listed in #2 above, then the Duncan SEI that should be assigned is the one listed in Duncan 1961 (October) for Missing/All Other Industry codes. (4) If Industry and/or Class-of-Worker is missing from an entire VARIABLE (as occurs for some Aspirations data), then the Duncan SEI that should be assigned is the weighted average for the entire 1970 Occupation category, as listed in FSD 1975 (and re-created above in #1). (5) If Class-of-Worker only is missing but Industry is not (as occurs for some Aspirations data), then the Duncan SEI that should be assigned is the WEIGHTED AVERAGE for the Industry Split line (based on MALES IN THE 1950 EXPERIENCED CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE). This only occurs if the Occupation is 245 or 964. (6) For 1970-basis Allocation categories (196, 246, 296, 396, 586, 696, 726, 796, 806, 846, 976, 986), use the Duncan SEI as it is listed in the Duncan 1969 (March) listing. (7) For other 1970-basis categories which do NOT appear in Table 1 of Tech. Paper 26 (052, 073, 092, 094, 131, 156, 311, 475), use the Duncan SEI as indicated in COR713.ASC. ******************************************************** ***** S I E G E L P R E S T I G E *** ******************************************************** In his 1971 dissertation, Paul M. Siegel created a set of PRESTIGE scores for the 1960 Census Occupation and Industry Classification System. Like Duncan's SEI, several of the 1960 Occupation lines were split out by Industry; none were split out by Class-of-Worker, however. In Table 5, the following Occupation lines are broken out by Industry: 1960 1970 Occupation Code Code Title INDUSTRY ---- ---- --------------------------------- -------- 260 215 Inspectors, Public Administration X 270 222 Officials and Administrators, n.e.c., X Public Administration 290 245 Managers, Officials, and Proprietors, X n.e.c. 394 280 Salesmen and Sales Clerks, n.e.c. X 430 441 Foremen, n.e.c. X 685 640 Mine Operatives and Laborers, n.e.c. X 775 690-695 Operatives and Kindred Workers, n.e.c. X As with the Duncan SEI scores above, FSD 1975 used Tech. Paper 26 to create weighted averages of Siegel's original 1960-based PRESTIGE scores mapped to 1970 Detailed Occupations. These scores are recreated in the Excel Worksheet (COR713h.XLS), and the following rules are applied in creating the 1970-BASED SIEGEL PRESTIGE SCORES: (1) The use of an Excel worksheet to reproduce the original FSD scores provides a definitive list of the MALE-BASED SIEGEL PRESTIGE FOR NON-SPLIT OCCUPATION LINES. Occupations 215 and 222 will NOT be split by Industry (as in Siegel's 1971 Dissertation, Table 5), and will be given the Siegel PRESTIGE score as computed in the Excel worksheet of Tech. Paper 26. (Specifically, the default lines for 215 and 222). Occupation 280 will receive the weighted average of PRESTIGE scores for Occupations 281-285. (2) For Occupations 245, 441, 452, 640, 690, 692, 694, and 695 (which are split by Industry), the original Siegel 1971 PRESTIGE scores are kept, matching 1960 Industry designations to 1970-basis by matching titles only. COR713i.XLS shows these mappings. 215, 222, and 280 are NOT to be treated as Split Occupation lines, and will be assigned the Siegel PRESTIGE score based upon the weighted average of 1960 Occupational PRESTIGE components (as in #1 above). (3) If Industry is missing from an OBSERVATION (but not missing from the whole variable, as in the case of Aspirations) for a Split Occupation line listed in #2 above, then the Siegel PRESTIGE score that should be assigned is the one listed for Missing/All Other Industry codes in Siegel 1971, Table 5. (4) If Industry is missing from an entire VARIABLE (as occurs for some Aspirations data), then the Siegel PRESTIGE score that should be assigned is the weighted average for the entire 1970 Occupation category, as listed in FSD 1975 (and re-created above in the Excel worksheet). (5) For 1970-basis Allocation categories (196, 246, 296, 396, 586, 696, 726, 796, 806, 846, 976, 986), use the Siegel PRESTIGE as it is listed in Siegel's 1971 Table 5 listing. (7) For other 1970-basis categories which do NOT appear in Table 1 of Tech. Paper 26 (052, 073, 092, 094, 131, 156, 311, 475), use the Siegel PRESTIGE score as indicated in COR713.ASC. ******************************************************** ***** M S E I 2 / T S E I 2 S C O R E S *** ******************************************************** Stevens and Featherman (1981) provided updated SEI scores, based upon the characteristics of the population in the 1970 Census, rather than the 1950 Census (which is what the Duncan SEI is based upon.) They used Duncan's original measure of prestige as '% Rating an Occupation Excellent or Good' (data from Duncan 1961), and regressed it (third-order equation) on Siegel's PRESTIGE scores for those 45 Occupations. FSD's 1970- basis mappings of Siegel PRESTIGE scores were then plugged into the equation and an estimate of the '% Rating an Occupation Excellent or Good' (PGOOD) was obtained for all 1970 Detailed Occupations (or, 426 of them. Allocated categories and two others were not included.) Next, S&F used data provided by Nam and Powers (this data is detailed in the section below) to calculate a number of measures of Occupational Education (% in an Occupation category achieving a certain level of education) and Occupational Income (% in an Occupation category earning a certain level of income). They regressed the PGOOD measure above on these characteristics; the Occupational characteristics were then plugged back into the resulting equation to create SEI scores, which were just weighted averages of the Occupational Education measure and Occupational Income measure used in the regression. S&F's "MSEI2" and "TSEI2" scores were based on 426 1970-basis Detailed Occupations. For "MSEI2", the Occupational Education measure is "% of MEN in a 1970 Occupation category who completed one year of college or more". The Occupational Income measure is "% of MEN in a 1970 Occupation category who earned $10,000 per year or more in 1969." The Occupational characteristics used in constructing the TSEI2 score are the same, except that the TOTAL labor force was used to calculate the Occupational Education and Income percentages--not just the MALE labor force. The Appendix to S&F's 1981 article contains the MSEI2 and TSEI2 scores. There are no Splits by Industry and/or Class-of-Worker for these scores. Two other notes: 1. For 1970 Allocation codes, S&F provided MSEI2 and TSEI2 scores. These scores use the Occupational characteristics provided in the Nam and Powers data in calculating the MSEI2/TSEI2 scores. Note that these characteristics are for persons MISSING DATA on Occupation (the Census use of Allocation codes), *NOT* a weighted average of all MSEI2/TSEI2 scores in the Major Occupation Group. 2. S&F also provided MSEI2 and TSEI2 scores for 1970 Occupation '580=Former Members of the Armed Forces." Per MEMO122, we are not using these scores, and the appropriate missing data code ('9998' or '9999') will be assigned for anyone with this Occupation code. ****************************************************** *** O C C U P A T I O N A L E D U C A T I O N & *** *** O C C U P A T I O N A L I N C O M E *** *** S C O R E S *** ****************************************************** In the process of creating a new, 1990-basis SEI using 1989 NORC prestige data and 1990 Census data, Hauser and Warren (1997) discovered that SEI might not be the best measure of occupational status because the components of an SEI, namely Occupational Education and Occupational Income, measure two different things and have very different properties, both in studies of intergenerational transmission of occupational status, and especially in studies of gender differences in occupational attainment (Warren, Sheridan and Hauser 1998). Hauser and Warren recommend using the Occupational Education and Occupational Income scores themselves, rather than SEI (which is just a weighted average of the two.) Because we were releasing the Wave2 and Wave3 data with the new 1990-basis Occupation and Industry codes (and their related status mappings) anyway, we decided to put in the 1970-basis Occupational Education and Occupational Income scores as well, to make it easier for researchers to follow the Hauser and Warren (1997) recommendation. So, what is "Occupational Education" and "Occupational Income"? These measures were first described by Duncan (1961-Reiss) when he created the first SEI scale. The are scalar measures of an *Occupation category*--not an individual. Census data is used to calculate the percentage of persons in an Occupation category with a particular characteristic. To measure "Occupational Education", Duncan calculated the percentage of persons in each 1950-basis Occupation category (or, Industry/Class-of-Worker Split within an Occupation category) who graduated from high school. (He also adjusted for the age distribution of the Occupation category, but this had only a minor impact on the percentage.) Stevens and Featherman (1981), using 1970 Census data, found that using the percentage in each Occupation category who attended one year of college or more was perhaps a better measure of Occupational Education by 1970. Duncan's measure of "Occupational Income" was the percentage of persons in a 1950-basis Occupation (Industry/Class-of-Worker) category who earned at least $3,000 per year in 1949 (again, age-adjusted). Stevens and Featherman used $10,000 per year in their work with the 1970 Census data. How does one calculate these percentages? Duncan used published tables from the 1950 Census. Stevens and Featherman used data provided by Nam and Powers. Charles Nam and Mary Powers worked for the Census Bureau, and they requested a special tabulation from the 1970 Long Form which characterized 871 1970-basis Occupation categories (some with Industry/Class-of-Worker Splits) by age (5 categories), race (3 categories), sex and labor supply (3 categories), educational attainment (10 categories), and income in 1969 (13 categories). These LARGE tables were produced from the ENTIRE sample of 1970 Long Forms--this is not a table produced from PUMS data. The data files and Nam and Powers original documentation of it can be found in COR638. To calculate Occupational Education for the WLS data, we do the following. We combine the 5 age categories, 3 race categories, 3 sex and labor force supply categories, and 10 educational attainment categories to obtain the TOTAL number of persons employed in each of 871 Occupation (Industry/ Class-of-Worker) categories in 1970. Then, combining the age, race, and sex and labor force categories again, we calculate the number of persons in each of the 871 Occupations who completed at least one year of college (education categories 6-10). Dividing the second number by the first gives the percentage of all persons in each 1970 Occupation category who attended at least one year of college. We provide this percentage rounded to three digits. To calculate Occupational Income for the WLS data, we follow a similar procedure. We combine the 5 age categories, 3 race categories, 3 sex and labor force supply categories, and 13 income categories to obtain the TOTAL number of persons employed in each of 871 Occupation (Industry/Class-of-Worker) categories in 1970. (This number is the same as the TOTAL number above. But the education and income data are in different physical Data files, so it is recalculated.) Then, combining the age, race, and sex and labor force categories again, we calculate the number of persons in each of the 871 Occupations who earned $10,000 or more in 1969 (income categories 9-13). Dividing the second number by the first gives the percentage of all persons in each 1970 Occupation category who earned at least $10,000 per year. We provide this percentage rounded to three digits. Although we provide the raw percentages of Occupational Education and Occupation Income scores, Hauser and Warren (1997) recommend that a transformation of this percentage is used in quantitative analyses, to correct for heteroskedasticity. Their recommended transformation is the STARTED LOGIT. If 'oe' is the Occupational Education score for an Occupational category (expressed as xx.x%), then the STARTED LOGIT is calculated as follows: SL(oe) = LN ((oe+1)/(100-oe+1)) "STARTED" merely refers to the practice of adding a small number (in this case, 1), to the score before taking the logit, to avoid dividing by zero. *************************************************************************** *** I V . O R I G I N A L S O U R C E S *** *************************************************************************** Duncan, Otis Dudley. 1961. "A Socioeconomic Index for All Occupations." Pp. 109-161 and 263-295 in Reiss, Albert J. (ed.) _Occupations and Social Status_. New York: The Free Press. 1. Appendix B-1, Pp. 263-275. Reproduced as COR713a.ASC. 1950-Basis Duncan SEI scores, with Industry/Class-of-Worker Splits. Average scores for Major Occupation categories are not included. These scores are based on the characteristics of the MALE EXPERIENCED CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE IN THE 1950 CENSUS, and are 2-digits, ranging from 00-96. 2. Table VII-4, Pg. 155. Reproduced as COR713b.ASC. Duncan SEI scores for Major Occupation groups, computed by using aggregate age, income, and education data for males in the respective Major Occupation groups (rather than taking weighted average of Detailed Occupations in Major group.) Duncan, Otis Dudley. 1969 (March 5). "Scores on Socioeconomic Index for Extended Major Occupation Groups, 1950." Mimeo. 3. Reproduced as COR713c.ASC: Duncan SEI scores for Major Occupation Groups, taken either from Table VII-4 (above), or computed separately for Industry/Class-of- Worker Splits within Major Occupation group. (Note that "Service Workers" Major Group does not appear in Table VII-4 because it is split by Private-Household and Other workers. Score for all Service Workers is new in this list.) Duncan, Otis Dudley. 1961 (October). "Socioeconomic Status Scores for Detailed Occupations." Mimeo. 4. Reproduced as COR713d.ASC: Duncan SEI scores for 1960-basis Detailed Occupation categories, with Industry/Class-of Worker Splits. Major Occupation group scores are not included. These scores are based on the characteristics of the MALE EXPERIENCED CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE IN THE 1950 CENSUS. That is, they are the exact SEI scores from Appendix B-1 above, matched to the most similar Occupation/Industry/Class-of-Worker designation in 1960 as existed for 1950. No attempt was made to reconcile Detailed Occupational category changes which occurred between 1950 and 1960. Siegel, Paul Mathew. 1971. "Prestige in the American Occupational Structure." Dissertation. University of Chicago. 5. Table 5, Pp. 110-139. Reproduced as COR713e.ASC: Siegel PRESTIGE scores for 1960-basis Detailed Occupation categories. Siegel took prestige ratings from three separate surveys and first transformed them into a common metric. Then, he matched the job title for each score to a 1960 Detailed Occupation category. Finally, he averaged the common-metric PRESTIGE scores of each job appearing in a 1960 Detailed Occupation category. Because both the trans- formation to a common metric, and the averaging of job PRESTIGE scores into an Occupational PRESTIGE score produce non-round values of PRESTIGE, Siegel provided 3-digit scores (ranging from 00.0 - 99.9, rounded to the tenths place.) Some 1960 Detailed Occupation categories are split by Industry. No Class-of-Workers Splits are provided. Averages for entire Major Occupation groups are provided; they are the weighted averages of the PRESTIGE scores in a Major Occupation category, based on the TOTAL 1960 EXPERIENCED CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE. Featherman, David L., F. Lancaster Jones, and Robert M. Hauser. 1975. "Assumptions of Social Mobility Research in the U.S.: The Case of Occupational Status." _Social Science Research_. 4:329-360. (Also, IRP Reprint #183). (Referred to as FJH) 6. Footnote, Pg. 341. Reproduced as COR713f.ASC: Lists the Duncan SEI and Siegel PRESTIGE scores for 10 Major Occupation groups. Duncan SEI is taken from Table VII-4 (except Service uses score from non-private-household service workers), and the original two-digit score is reported. Siegel PRESTIGE is taken from Siegel Table 5, and is ROUNDED TO TWO DIGITS. As for Duncan SEI, the PRESTIGE score for "Service Workers Except Private Household" is used for the entire Major Occupation group of "Service Workers." Featherman, David L., Michael Sobel and David Dickens. 1975. "A Manual for Coding Occupation and Industries into Detailed 1970 Categories and a Listing of 1970-Basis Duncan Socioeconomic and NORC Prestige Scores." CDE Working Paper #75-1. Center for Demography and Ecology. University of Wisconsin-Madison. (Referred to FSD) 7. Appendix B, Pp. B1-B9. Reproduced as COR713g.ASC: Duncan SEI and Siegel PRESTIGE scores for 1970-basis Detailed Occupation categories. Splits by Industry/Class-of-Worker are NOT provided. Scores are the weighted average of SEI/PRESTIGE scores of 1960-basis components of 1970-basis Occupation categories, based on a mapping provided by the U.S. Census in Technical Paper 26 (see below). Allocation categories are not included; these would correspond to scores for Major Occupation groups. Scores for both SEI and PRESTIGE are three digits, 00.0 - 99.9, rounded to the nearest tenth. FSD computed mappings of 1960-basis Duncan SEI and Siegel PRESTIGE scores to 1970-basis Occupation categories using (1)the MALE experienced civilian labor force and (2)the TOTAL experienced civilian labor force. The 1970-basis scores based on the TOTAL ECLF are only reported where they differ from the MALE-based scores. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1972. 1970 OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF THEIR 1960 OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY ELEMENTS. By John A. Priebe, Joan Heinkel, and Stanley Greene. Technical Paper No. 26. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. (Referred to as Tech. Paper 26) 8. Table 1, Pp. 19-59. Reproduced as COR713h.XLS. Tech. Paper 26 provides list of 1970 Detailed Occupation categories, broken up by the 1960 Detailed Occupation categories which comprise them, for both males and females. Hauser, R. M., L. Sheehy, T.S. Hauser, D. Netkin, and J. Grant. "Social Factors in Aspirations and Achievements: Occupation-Industry Coding Handbook, 1974-1975." 9. Appendix B. Entire FSD paper is copied into an appendix in this manual. This entire codebook (with appendices) appears as COR603; the Appendix B alone appears as COR603c. Hauser, Robert M. and David L. Featherman. 1977. _The Process of Stratification: Trends and Analyses_. New York: Academic Press. 10. Appendix B, Pp. 319-329. Appendix B from FSD paper was to be printed here, but list contained MANY typographical errors. Stevens, Gillian and David L. Featherman. 1981. "A Revised Socioeconomic Index of Occupational Status." _Social Science Research_. 10:364-395. 11. Appendix, Pp. 382-394. List of MSEI2, TSEI2 scores. Basis of these scores is a transform of the FSD transformation of Siegel's 1971 PRESTIGE scores, and 1970 Census Occupational Education and Occupational Income Characteristics (from Nam-Powers file below.) Nam, Charles and Mary Powers. 1979 (October). "1970 Census of Population and Housing Special Project." Mimeo. Data and text reproduction of documentation found in COR638. 12. Data and Documentation. Stored in COR638. COR638 contains two very large data files, and the documentation which allows their use. Also includes SPSS code to create Occupational Education and Income measures and Lotus 123 worksheets containing output. *************************************************************************** *** V . C O R S & M E M O S *** *************************************************************************** 1. COR226. Feb. 8, 1977. This is the original COR which assigned Major Industry, Major Occupation, Duncan SEI, and Siegel PRESTIGE scores to the Wave 1 (pre-Sibling) data. The error in Major Industry designation (where Professional & Related Services are lumped together with Entertainment & Recreation Services) was introduced here. Variables OCMZ, OCMR10, OCMASK, and OCMXSK use the 12-category Major Occupation designation, not the 17-category system. To get scores for Allocation categories (Major Occupation Groups) scores from FJH were used and multiplied by 10 to get 3-digit score (so rounding error was introduced to Siegel score here.) All other SEI/PRESTIGE scores were taken from tape DE381. 2. COR235. Feb. 1977. Create SWL20 tape, using COR226 above to create Major Industry, Major Occupation, Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE scores. 3. COR300. June 1978. Create Sibling tape, adding Major Industry, Major Occupation, Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE as indicated in COR226. 4. COR315. March 1979. Add Split lines for Occupations differentiated by Industry and/or Class-of-Worker in Duncan SEI and Siegel PRESTIGE. SEI Industry Splits for 1970 Code 215 (Inspectors, Public Administration) and 222 (Officials and Administrators, Public Admin.) are NOT included. Error of copying Misc. Operative Split SEI scores to those for Misc. Laborers is introduced here. For variables with no Class-of-Worker (OCZ series, OCASSK series, OCESSK series, XOCZ series), use straight average of Self-Employed and Salaried Industry Splits for Managers (245) and Police Officers (964). <> 5. COR315. August 1994. **REVISION** Re-lists the Duncan SEI and Siegel PRESTIGE scores for the Occupation lines split by Industry and/or Class-of-Worker. Notes the problem of using TOTAL-BASED scores rather than MALE-BASED scores for Non-Split lines. Indicates that there is no split for Siegel PRESTIGE scores in Occupation lines 452, 780, 785, and 964 by using '999' as Siegel score. 6. COR315D. Jan. 1996. List of the Duncan SEI and Siegel PRESTIGE scores ORIGINALLY USED in the 1975-77 data (prior to 1994)--these scores are now archived in the Wave 1 data file OCSH57-BMFOC3 (3710-3880). 7. COR512. July 1994. List of MSEI2, TSEI2, and MSEI3 scores for 1970-Basis Detailed Occupation categories. Based on S&F. Scores are 4-digits, no decimals. NO OCCUPATION LINES ARE SPLIT BY INDUSTRY OR CLASS-OF- WORKER. 8. COR521a,q,b. Aug. 1994. SAS code which maps Occupation, Industry, Class-of-Worker to Major Occupation, Major Industry, Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE, MSEI2, and TSEI2. To be used for processing data as it appears in pubicly-releasable form. COR521q is same code for use with QFILE raw data; COR521b is same code with additional documentation for use in WLS codebook appendices. 9. COR569. March 1995. Discovery of accidental grouping of "Entertainment and Recreation Services" and "Professional and Related Services" in Major Industry groupings. Fixes error. 10. COR586. June 1995. Creates WLS23_1 version of data, which implements fix from COR569 above. 11. COR521c. Jan 1996. This version of COR521 supercedes COR521a,q,b. It corrects the following errors: (1)Split lines should have 3-digit SEI; (2)Typographical errors in SEI and PRESTIGE; (3)remove non- legitimate Occupation codes; (4)remove Split lines which are assigning '999' for PRESTIGE scores--PRESTIGE is not split by Industry/Class-of-Worker for these lines; (5)fix PRESTIGE scores for Allocation categories. 12. COR603/COR603a-d. Oct. 1995. Contains the entire Hauser, Sheehy et. al. Occupation Coding Handbook 1974-77 (cited above in "original sources"). COR603 contains handbook plus all appendices; COR603a contains the handbook alone with no appendices; COR603b contains only Appendix A; COR603c contains only Appendix B (which is the FSD 1975 paper); COR603d contains Appendices C-F. 13. COR611, COR611b. Dec. 1995. Use newly-updated COR521c to fix Wave 2 and 3 SEI/PRESTIGE scores. 14. COR612. Dec. 1995. Creates new version of COR521c (called COR612c) for use with Wave 1 data. This version differs from 521c in following ways: (1)Fixes 2 errors introduced in COR226 regarding Major Occupation: (a)OCR10 and XOCR10 series contain information on Class-of- Worker, and thus 17-category Major Occupation can be used, rather than the restricted 12-category Census system; also (b)OCSPHH Major Occupation has the inapp/refused designations set all to refused. (2)Uses the missing data designations for Wave 1, which differs from the Waves 2 and 3 codes. (3)Does not include MSEI2 and TSEI2. (4)Adds code to average SEI for Occupation lines split by Class-of- Worker (245 and 964)--uses straight average as advocated in COR315. 15. COR612a. Jan. 1996. Summary of which CORs are to be used in creating Major Industry, Major Occupation, Duncan SEI, and Siegel PRESTIGE scores for each Occupation variable in the Wave 1 data. 16. COR612b. Jan. 1996. SAS code that uses information in COR612a to call SAS modules which will set Major Industry, Major Occupation, Duncan SEI, and Siegel PRESTIGE for each Occupation variable in the Wave 1 data. 17. COR612c. Jan. 1996. SAS module referred to in COR612b (detailed at beginning of this MEMO) which actually maps 1970-basis Industry and Occupation codes to Major Industry, Major Occupation, Duncan SEI, and Siegel PRESTIGE scores. 18. COR612d. Jan. 1996. Code to fix Major Occupation problems for variables OCMSPH, OCR10, and XOCR10, as detailed in COR612. 19. COR613. Jan. 1996. Provides details about how problems identified in COR612 affect Duncan SEI/Siegel PRESTIGE scores. 20. COR613a. Jan. 1996. Provides the Duncan SEI scores to use for variables OCSZ and XOCSZ if OCZ=245 or OCZ=964; XOCZ=245 or XOCZ=964. OCZ and XOCZ do not have a Class-of-Worker variable associated with them, so the Duncan SEI scores assigned for Occupations 245 and 964 are the average SEI scores of each Class-of-Worker designation within an Industry Split line (for 245), or the average SEI score for the entire category (for 964). 21. COR613b. Jan. 1996. Provides the Duncan SEI and Siegel PRESTIGE scores to be used for the Occupational Aspirations and Expectation of selected children variables (OCASSK and OCEXSK series.) These variables have ONLY a 1970 Detailed Occupation code--no Industry or Class-of-Worker Splits are possible. The default scores provided by FSD are used for OCSASK, OCPASK, OCSXSK, and OCPXSK. 22. COR638. Nov. 1996. Contains description of Nam-Powers 1970 Census data files. Recommendations from Hauser and Warren (1997). SPSS code is included. Lotus 123 worksheet with Ns, percentages, medians (education and income), for whites, blacks, other races; males, females-all, females-FTFY workers; and TOTAL LABOR FORCE. In May 1999 text files with the original Nam-Powers documentation were added. 23. COR684. May 1999. Changes SPSS code in COR638 to write percentages to four digits rather than three. New SPSS code, new Lotus 123 worksheets, new SAS module to assign Occupational Education and Occupational Income scores to 1970-basis Occupation/ Industry/Class-of-Worker codes is included. 24. MEMO122. Feb. 1998. A detailed memo outlining some major problems with SEI/PRESTIGE scores. (1)Use of TOTAL-BASED rather than MALE-BASED scores; (2)Use of incorrect defaults for Occupation lines split by Industry and/or Class-of-Worker; (3)Use of incorrect scores for Allocation codes, used primarily in Aspirations data. 25. COR686. Sept. 1999. Describes the new 1990-basis Detailed Occupation and Industry codes. Notes that in process of coding 1990 Occupations, some changing of the 1970-basis Detailed Occupation and Industry codes occurred. Lists of variables affected. Variables changed due to this COR are archived, and new variables created. 26. COR713. Feb. 2000. Details regarding the verification of Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE, MSEI2, TSEI2, Occupational Education, and Occupational Income scores. Includes the SAS CODE (COR713.SAS) to map Major Industry, Major Occupation, Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE, MSEI2, and TSEI2 given a 1970 Detailed Occupation code. This module will handle missing data for both Wave1 and Waves2 and 3. This module will incorporate special defaults needed for Occupations with no accompanying Industry and/or Class-of-Worker codes. This is the FINAL list! 27. MEMO133. Feb. 2000. An even more DETAILED memo outlining all sources of 1970-basis mappings--Major Industry, Major Occupation, Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE, MSEI2, and TSEI2. Documents the WLS use of these mappings through the years, noting CORs, MEMOs, and original sources where necessary. *************************************************************************** *** V I . H I S T O R Y O F E R R O R S *** *************************************************************************** ****************************************************** *** M A J O R I N D U S T R Y *** ****************************************************** 1. 10-"Entertainment and Recreation Services" and 12-"Professional and Related Services" are combined. COR226: Detailed Industry codes 807-899 are designated as Major Industry 10=Entertainment & Recreation Services. COR235: SWL20 tape uses COR226 to create Major Industry codes. COR300: Sibling tape is created using COR226. COR521a,q,b: Uses COR226 as basis for creating SAS module that maps 1970 Detailed Industries to Major Industry groups. COR569: Discovery of error in Major Industry. Change category 10-Entertainment and Recreation Services to be 1970 Detailed Industry codes 807-817; new category 12-Professional and Related Services comprised of 1970 Detailed Industries 828-899. Change is made directly into Major Industry variables (6/95); no archiving is done. Wave 1 only. 2. Due to coding of 1990-basis Detailed Occupations and Industries, many changes in the 1970-basis codes were made. Accompanying Major Occupation, Major Industry, Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE, MSEI2, and TSEI2 mappings must be updated. COR686: Notes which variables are affected by changes to 1970-basis Occupation/Industry codes. Old variables were archived (9/99), and new variables add a 'U' or 'U2' as appropriate. Archived variables are: WAVE 1: INMH57, INMM57, INMZ, INMX1,INMXCR WAVE 2: RF005JAG, RF008JxD, RF035JxE, RF008JCE, RF035JCF, RW007REG, RC020SP, RJ026SK, RK013SSE, RK041SSG WAVE 3: SF008RED, SF031RED, SF055REE, SW007REG, SC020SPF, SK013SSE, SK041SSG ****************************************************** *** M A J O R O C C U P A T I O N *** ****************************************************** 3. OCR10 and XOCR10 series of Aspirations at age 36 are mapped to 12-category Major Occupation, even though they have a non-Detailed Class-of-Worker designation (Self-Employed vs. Salaried). COR226: OCR10 is designated as a variable without Class-of-Worker that should be coded to 12-category Major Occupation group. COR300: XOCR10 is designated to be treated as OCR10. COR612: Notes that OCR10/XOCR10 have a Class-of-Worker designation, and that 17-category Major Occupation group can be used. COR612d: Problem is fixed (3/96). Change is made directly in Major Occupation variables; no archiving is done. Wave 1 only. 4. Major Occupation for spouse's household head's occupation (OCSPHH series) has all missing data set to '99', rather than appropriately designating the Inapplicable '98' code for inapps. COR226: A '998' score on OCSPHH is explictly designated as a Nonresponse, '99' code for Major Occupation (OCMSPH). COR235: SWL20 tape uses COR226 to create Major Occupation codes. COR300: Sibling tape is created using COR226. COR612: Problem is discovered. COR612d: Problem is fixed (3/96). Change is made directly in Major Occupation variables; no archiving is done. Wave 1 only. 5. Due to coding of 1990-basis Detailed Occupations and Industries, many changes in the 1970-basis codes were made. Accompanying Major Occupation, Major Industry, Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE, MSEI2, and TSEI2 mappings must be updated. COR686: Notes which variables are affected by changes to 1970-basis Occupation/Industry codes. Old variables were archived (9/99), and new variables add a 'U' or 'U2' as appropriate. Archived variables are: WAVE 1: OCMH57, OCMM57, OCMZ, OCMX1, OCMXCR WAVE 2: RF006JAH, RF009JxE, RF036JxF, RF009JCF, RF036JCF, RW008REG, RC021SP, RJ027SK, RK014SSF, RK042SSH WAVE 3: SF009REE, SF032REE, SF056REF, SW008REG, SC021SPG, SK014SSF, SK042SSH ****************************************************** *** D U N C A N S E I *** ****************************************************** 6. Several Occupation lines have differentiated SEI scores based on Industry and/or Class-of-Worker in Duncan's 1961 original list, but these lines are not split out. COR226: No Splits by Industry and/or Class-of-Worker appear in this COR. COR235: SWL20 tape uses COR226 to create Duncan SEI scores. COR300: Sibling tape is created using COR226. COR315: Use Duncan's 1961 list of 1960 mapped SEI scores to create list of scores for the following 1970 Detailed Occupation codes: 245, 441, 452, 640, 690, 692, 694, 695, 780, 785, 964. Publically-released tape has these Split scores. 7. For Occupations where FSD's 1970-basis TOTAL-BASED SEI is different from the MALE-BASED SEI, the TOTAL-BASED SEI is used, but we want the MALE-BASED SEI. COR226: Total-based SEI is used rather than Male-based SEI. COR235: SWL20 tape uses COR226 to create Duncan SEI scores. COR300: Sibling tape is created using COR226. COR315 (REVISION): Notes that use of TOTAL-BASIS scores for Non-Split Occupation lines rather than MALE-BASIS scores was discovered in December 1995. MEMO122: Detailed discussion of differences between TOTAL-BASED SEI and MALE-BASED SEI. COR521a,q,b: Code fixed--only male-based scores used (3/96). Variables were UPDATED, and original variables were archived. Only Wave 1 data affected.Archived variables: OCSH57, OCSM57, OCSSIB, OCSZ, OCSX1, OCSX70, OCS74, OCSXCR, OCSR10, OCSCRS, OCSSPH, OCSASK, OCSXSK, OCSWBM, OCSWM1, OCSW12, OCSW23, OCSW3L, OCSYAL, BMFOC1, BMFOC2, BMFOC3, XOCSH57, XOCSZ, XOCSX1, XOCSX70, XOCS76, XOCSXCR, XOCSR10, XOCSCRS. 8. Occupations which are split by Industry and/or Class-of-Worker use only a 2-digit score rather than 3-digits. COR315: Lists Duncan SEI Male scores as 2-digit scores. COR521a,q,b: Uses this 2-digit score as basis for SEI of Split Occupation lines. COR521c: Error is found and fixed. COR611: Change Wave 2 and 3 SEI and PRESTIGE scores (3/96). Changes made to original variables; no variables were archived. COR612, COR612a, COR612c: Update Wave 1 SEI and PRESTIGE scores (3/96). This error ONLY AFFECTED 1975 NON-RESPONDENTS WHO HAD DATA COPIED TO WAVE 1!!! New variables were created and original ones archived. Variables affected include: OCSH57, OCSM57, OCSZ, OCSX1, OCSXCR, BMFOC1, BMFOC2, BMFOC3. 9. Miscellaneous typographical errors in scores. COR521a,q,b: 1970 Detailed Occupations 711, 962, 986 have typographical errors in their Duncan SEI scores (compared to FSD 1975). COR521c: Error is found and fixed. COR611: Update Wave 2 and 3 SEI and PRESTIGE scores (3/96). Changes were made to original variables; no variables were archived. COR612, COR612a, COR612c: Update Wave 1 SEI and PRESTIGE scores (3/96). New variables were created, and original ones were archived. Only Wave 1 data affected. Archived variables: OCSH57, OCSM57, OCSSIB, OCSZ, OCSX1, OCSX70, OCS74, OCSXCR, OCSR10, OCSCRS, OCSSPH, OCSASK, OCSXSK, OCSWBM, OCSWM1, OCSW12, OCSW23, OCSW3L, OCSYAL, BMFOC1, BMFOC2, BMFOC3, XOCSH57, XOCSZ, XOCSX1, XOCSX70, XOCS76, XOCSXCR, XOCSR10, XOCSCRS. 10. Non-legitimate 1970 Detailed Occupation codes are included in SAS code assigning Duncan SEI scores (691, 693, 781, 782,783, 784). COR521a,q,b: Split lines for 691 and 693 are created which exactly match those for 690, 692, 694, and 695 Split lines for 781, 782, 783, and 784 are created which exactly match those for 780 and 785. COR521c: Error is found and fixed. COR612, COR612a, COR612c: Update Wave 1 SEI and PRESTIGE scores. (No variables were affected by this change--it was only a change to the code.) 11. SEI scores for some 1970-basis Allocation codes (986) are incorrect. COR226: Does not include a score for 1970 code 986. SEI from the other "Service Occupations" Allocation code--976--is assigned (probably per Duncan's 1969 list). COR235: SWL20 tape uses COR226 to create Duncan SEI scores. COR300: Sibling tape is created using COR226. COR521a,q,b: Values from COR226 are used to create SAS code and error for 1970 Occupation 986 is copied. MEMO122: SEI scores for all Allocation codes are examined, and the original Duncan score of 080 is used for 1970 Detailed Occupation 986 (from Duncan's 1969 list). COR521c: Change noted in MEMO122 for Occupation 986 is made. COR611: Update Wave 2 and 3 SEI and PRESTIGE scores (3/96). This change was made in original variables; no variables were archived. COR612, COR612a, COR612c: Update Wave 1 SEI and PRESTIGE scores (3/96). New variables were created, and original ones were archived. Archived variables: OCSH57, OCSM57, OCSSIB, OCSZ, OCSX1, OCSX70, OCS74, OCSXCR, OCSR10, OCSCRS, OCSSPH, OCSASK, OCSXSK, OCSWBM, OCSWM1, OCSW12, OCSW23, OCSW3L, OCSYAL, BMFOC1, BMFOC2, BMFOC3, XOCSH57, XOCSZ, XOCSX1, XOCSX70, XOCS76, XOCSXCR, XOCSR10, XOCSCRS. 12. Due to coding of 1990-basis Detailed Occupations and Industries, many changes in the 1970-basis codes were made. Accompanying Major Occupation, Major Industry, Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE, MSEI2, and TSEI2 mappings must be updated. COR686: Notes which variables are affected by changes to 1970-basis Occupation/Industry codes. Old variables were archived (9/99), and new variables add a 'U' or 'U2' as appropriate. Archived variables are: WAVE 1: OCSH57U, OCSM57U, OCSZU, OCSX1U, OCSXCRU WAVE 2: RF007JAH, RF010JxE, RF037JxF, RF010JCF, RF037JCF, RW009REG, RC022SP, RJ028SK, RK015SSF, RK043SSH WAVE 3: SF010REE, SF033REE, SF057REF, SW009REG, SC022SPG, SK015SSF, SK043SSH 13. All SEI scores for Industry Split lines of 1970 Detailed Occupation codes 780 and 785 (Miscellaneous and Not Specified Laborers) are all wrong. COR315: SEI scores for 780 and 785 Split lines are merely copied from the Industry Split lines for 690-695. Because the actual Splits used for Industry within these large categories are very similar to each other, it is easy to see how this happened. So, all SEI scores for Miscellaneous and Not Specified Operatives (780 and 785) with valid Industry codes are too high. COR235: SWL20 tape uses COR226 to create Duncan SEI scores. COR300: Sibling tape is created using COR226. COR521a,q,b: SEI scores from Split Occupation lines are copied from COR315. COR521c: Copy of Duncan SEI code from COR315. COR713: Problem is fixed (3/00)--affects Waves 1,2,3. Changes are made in latest variables--no archiving of variables necessary. 14. Errors or typographical errors in FSD's 1975 list of 1970-basis Duncan SEI scores. COR713: Error is discovered and fixed (3/00). Affects Waves 1,2,3. Change is made to original variables; no variables were archived. ****************************************************** *** S I E G E L P R E S T I G E *** ****************************************************** 15. Several Occupation lines have differentiated SEI scores based on Industry in Siegel's 1971 original list, but these lines are not split out. COR226: No Splits by Industry appear in this COR. COR235: SWL20 tape uses COR226 to create Siegel PRESTIGE scores. COR300: Sibling tape is created using COR226. COR315: Use Siegel's 1971 list of 1960-basis PRESTIGE scores to create list of scores for the following 1970 Detailed Occupation codes: 245, 441, 640, 690, 692, 694, 695. Publically released tape has these Split scores. 16. For Occupations where FSD's 1970-basis TOTAL-BASED PRESTIGE is different from the MALE-BASED PRESTIGE, the TOTAL-BASED PRESTIGE is used, but we want the MALE-BASED PRESTIGE. COR226: Total-based PRESTIGE is used rather than Male-based PRESTIGE. COR235: SWL20 tape uses COR226 to create Siegel PRESTIGE scores. COR300: Sibling tape is created using COR226. COR315 (REVISION): Notes that use of TOTAL-BASIS scores for Non-Split Occupation lines rather than MALE-BASIS scores was discovered in December 1995. MEMO122: Detailed discussion of differences between TOTAL-BASED PRESTIGE and MALE-BASED PRESTIGE. COR521a,q,b: Problem fixed--only male-based scores used (3/96). Variables were UPDATED, and original variables were archived. Only Wave 1 data affected. Archived variables: OCPH57, OCPM57,OCPSIB, OCPZ, OCPX1, OCPX70, OCP74, OCPXCR, OCPR10, OCPCRS, OCPSPH, OCPASK, OCPXSK, OCPWBM,OCPWM1, OCPW12, OCPW23, OCPW3L, OCPYAL, XOCPH57, XOCPZ, XOCPX1, XOCPX70, XOCP76, XOCPR10, XOCPCRS. 17. Occupations which are split by Industry and/or Class-of-Worker for Duncan'S SEI, but not Siegel's PRESTIGE (452, 780, 785, 964) mistakingly set Siegel PRESTIGE score to 999. COR315: Lists ONLY the 1970 Occupation codes which should be split for Siegel PRESTIGE (i.e., 245, 441, 640, 690, 692, 694, 695). COR315 (REVISION): Lists Siegel PRESTIGE as 999 for 1970 Detailed Occupations 452, 780, 785, 964 because lists for Duncan SEI and Siegel PRESTIGE are combined. COR521a,q,b: Copies this '999' score for Siegel PRESTIGE Splits of Occupation lines 452, 780, 785, and 964 directly from the UPDATE of COR315. COR521c: Error is found and fixed. COR611: Update Wave 2 and 3 SEI and PRESTIGE scores (3/96). Changes made to original variables; no variables were archived. COR612, COR612a, COR612c: Update Wave 1 SEI and PRESTIGE scores (3/96). Variables were UPDATED, and original variables were archived. Only Wave 1 data affected. Archived variables: OCPH57, OCPM57,OCPSIB, OCPZ, OCPX1, OCPX70, OCP74, OCPXCR, OCPR10, OCPCRS, OCPSPH, OCPASK, OCPXSK, OCPWBM, OCPWM1, OCPW12, OCPW23, OCPW3L, OCPYAL, XOCPH57, XOCPZ, XOCPX1, XOCPX70, XOCP76, XOCPR10, XOCPCRS. 18. Miscellaneous typographical errors in scores. COR521a,q,b: 1970 Detailed Occupations 672, 711, and 714 have typographical errors in their Siegel PRESTIGE scores (compared to FSD 1975). COR521c: Errors are found and fixed. COR611: Update Wave 2 and 3 SEI and PRESTIGE scores (3/96). Changes were made to original variables; no variables were archived. COR612, COR612a, COR612c: Update Wave 1 SEI and PRESTIGE scores. (3/96). Variables were UPDATED, and original variables were archived. Only Wave 1 data affected. Archived variables: OCPH57, OCPM57, OCPSIB, OCPZ, OCPX1, OCPX70, OCP74, OCPXCR, OCPR10, OCPCRS, OCPSPH, OCPASK, OCPXSK, OCPWBM, OCPWM1, OCPW12, OCPW23, OCPW3L, OCPYAL, XOCPH57, XOCPZ, XOCPX1, XOCPX70, XOCP76, XOCPR10, XOCPCRS. 19. Non-legitimate 1970 Detailed Occupation codes are included in SAS code assigning Siegel PRESTIGE scores (691, 693, 781, 782, 783, 784). COR521a,q,b: Split lines for 691 and 693 are created which exactly match those for 690, 692, 694, and 695. Split lines for 781, 782, 783, and 784 are created which exactly match those for 780 and 785 (even though 780 and 785 should not be split by Industry to assign Siegel PRESTIGE scores!) COR521c: Error is found and fixed. COR612, COR612a, COR612c: Update Wave 1 SEI and PRESTIGE scores. (No variables were affected by this change--it was only a change to the code.) 20. PRESTIGE scores for all 1970-basis Allocation codes (196, 246, 296, 396, 586, 696, 726, 796, 806, 846, 976, 986) are incorrect. COR226: Copies table from FJH 1975, adding a '0' to make 3-digit PRESTIGE score for 1970 Allocation codes. But FJH 1975 table shows ROUNDED Siegel scores. COR235: SWL20 tape uses COR226 to create Siegel PRESTIGE scores. COR300: Sibling tape is created using COR226. COR521a,q,b: PRESTIGE scores corresponding to 1970 Allocation codes are completely wrong. No idea where they came from! MEMO122: SEI scores for all Allocation codes are examined, and the original Siegel scores for Major Occupation categories are used for 1970 Allocation codes. COR521c: Change noted in MEMO122 for all 1970 Allocation codes is made. COR611: Update Wave 2 and 3 SEI and PRESTIGE scores (3/96). This change was made in original variables; no variables were archived. COR612, COR612a, COR612c: Update Wave 1 SEI and PRESTIGE scores (3/96). Variables were UPDATED, and original variables were archived. Only Wave 1 data affected. Archived variables: OCPH57, OCPM57, OCPSIB, OCPZ, OCPX1, OCPX70, OCP74, OCPXCR, OCPR10, OCPCRS, OCPSPH, OCPASK, OCPXSK, OCPWBM, OCPWM1, OCPW12, OCPW23, OCPW3L, OCPYAL, XOCPH57, XOCPZ, XOCPX1, XOCPX70, XOCP76, XOCPR10, XOCPCRS. 21. Due to coding of 1990-basis Detailed Occupations and Industries, many changes in the 1970-basis codes were made. Accompanying Major Occupation, Major Industry, Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE, MSEI2, and TSEI2 mappings must be updated. COR686: Notes which variables are affected by changes to 1970-basis Occupation/Industry codes. Old variables were archived (9/99), and new variables add a 'U' or 'U2' as appropriate. Archived variables are: WAVE 1: OCPH57U, OCPM57U, OCPZU, OCPX1U, OCPXCRU WAVE 2: RF008JAH, RF011JxE, RF038JxF, RF011JCF, RF038JCF, RW010REG, RC023SP, RJ029SK, RK016SSF, RK044SSH WAVE 3: SF011REE, SF034REE, SF058REF, SW010REG, SC023SPG, SK016SSF, SK044SSH 22. Errors or typographical errors in FSD's 1975 list of 1970-basis Duncan SEI scores. COR713: Error is discovered and fixed (3/00). Affects Waves 1,2,3. Change is made to original variables; no variables were archived. 23. Managers (245), Public Administration Industries (907-947), are set to Salaried Manager default, rather than "All Other Industries" default. COR315: Public Administration Industry categories (907-947) are not included in the list for 245-Managers. COR521a,q,b,c: Detailed Industries 907-947 are left out of code for 245 Industry splits, so PRESTIGE score assigned is the last "default" score. COR612, COR612a, COR612c: Copy of COR521c. COR713: Error is discovered and fixed (3/00). Affects Waves 1,2,3. Change is made to original variables; no variables were archived. ****************************************************** *** T S E I 2 *** ****************************************************** 24. Due to coding of 1990-basis Detailed Occupations and Industries, many changes in the 1970-basis codes were made. Accompanying Major Occupation, Major Industry, Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE, MSEI2, and TSEI2 mappings must be updated. COR686: Notes which variables are affected changes to 1970-basis Occupation/Industry codes. Old variables were archived (9/99), and new variables add a 'U' or 'U2' as appropriate. Archived variables are: WAVE 2: RF009JAG, RF012JxD, RF039JxE, RF012JCE, RF039JCF, RW011REG, RC024SP, RJ030SK, RK017SSE, RK045SSG WAVE 3: SF012RED, SF035RED, SF059REE, SW011REG, SC024SPF, SK017SSE, SK045SSG 25. Occupation 580 (Former Members of the Armed Forces) are assigned a score. COR512: TSEI2 score for 580 is copied directly from Stevens and Featherman. COR521a,q,b: Copies scores as listed in COR512. COR521c: Copies scores from COR521a,q,b. MEMO122: Details why 580 should be missing data. COR713: Error is discovered and fixed (3/00). Affects Waves 2 and 3 only. Change is made to original variables; no variables were archived. 26. Occupation 572 (Not Specified Apprentices) has wrong TSEI2 score. COR512: TSEI2 score for Occ. 572 is incorrectly listed as '9999'. The footnote in Stevens & Featherman 1981 (pg. 390) states that "Source tapes provided by the U.S. Census did not include data for title. Consequently, updated scores could not be computed See Hauser and Featherman 1977 (page 326) for approximations: 572:39.00 (MSEI2); 575:25.70 (MSEI2)/25.30 (TSEI2)." 3900 is correctly assigned as the MSEI2 score for Occupation 572. However, in H&F 1977 (which is based upon FSD 1975, see "Original Sources" above), if a "total" score is not listed it is because it is the same as the male score; thus, the TSEI2 for Occupation 572 should be the same as MSEI2--3900. COR521a,q,b: Score gets copied from COR512 as '9900'. COR521c: Score copied from COR521a,q,b. COR713: Error is discovered and fixed (3/00).Affects Waves 2 and 3 only. Change is made to original variables; no variables were archived. ****************************************************** *** M S E I 2 *** ****************************************************** 27. Due to coding of 1990-basis Detailed Occupations and Industries, many changes in the 1970-basis codes were made. Accompanying Major Occupation, Major Industry, Duncan SEI, Siegel PRESTIGE, MSEI2, and TSEI2 mappings must be updated. COR686: Notes which variables are affected by changes to 1970-basis Occupation/Industry codes. Old variables were archived (9/99), and new variables add a 'U' or 'U2' as appropriate. Archived variables are: WAVE 2: RF010JAG, RF013JxD, RF040JxE, RF013JCE, RF040JCF, RW012REG, RC025SP, RJ031SK, RK018SSE, RK046SSG WAVE 3: SF013RED, SF036RED, SF060REE, SW012REG, SC025SPF, SK018SSE, SK046SSG 28. Occupation 580 (Former Members of the Armed Forces) are assigned a score. COR512: MSEI2 score for 580 is copied directly from Stevens and Featherman. COR521a,q,b: Copies scores as listed in COR512. COR521c: Copies scores from COR521a,q,b. MEMO122: Details why 580 should be missing data. COR713: Error is discovered and fixed (3/00). Affects Waves 2 and 3 only. Change is made to original variables; no variables were archived. ****************************************************** *** O C C U P A T I O N A L E D U C A T I O N *** ****************************************************** 29. Added to Wave2 and Wave3 data for first time. COR686: Add to Waves 2 and 3 Data (9/99). 30. Rounding errors. COR684: Rounded first to 4 digits before cutting to three--will sometimes add .001 to score. 32 scores affected. COR713: Errors discovered and corrected. 31. TOTAL N for Allocation or Split Occupation lines calculated incorrectly. COR684: For 296, accidentally included 280 in calculation (which is itself an average of 281-285); for 983 left out those "living in". ****************************************************** *** O C C U P A T I O N A L I N C O M E *** ****************************************************** 32. Added to Wave2 and Wave3 data for first time. COR686: Add to Waves 2 and 3 Data (9/99). 33. Rounding errors. COR684: Rounded first to 4 digits before cutting to three--will sometimes add .001 to score. 48 scores affected. COR713: Errors discovered and corrected. 34. TOTAL N for Allocation or Split Occupation lines calculated incorrectly. COR684: For 296, accidentally included 280 in calculation (which is itself an average of 281-285). 35. Scores switched for Industry/Class-of-Workers Splits in '245=Managers and Administrators, n.e.c.' COR684: Within Occ=245, Industry Splits 669-699 and 727-767 had their scores for Salaried workers in the Self-Employed workers' place, and vice versa. COR713: Errors discovered and corrected. *************************************************************************** *** V I I . R E F E R E N C E S *** *************************************************************************** Blau, Peter M. and Otis Dudley Duncan. 1967. _The American Occupational Structure_. New York: The Free Press. Duncan, Otis Dudley. 1961. "A Socioeconomic Index for All Occupations." Pp. 109-161 and 263-295 in Reiss, Albert J. (ed.) _Occupations and Social Status_. New York: The Free Press. Duncan, Otis Dudley. 1961 (March 5). "Scores on Socioeconomic Index for Extended Major Occupation Groups, 1950." Mimeo. Duncan, Otis Dudley. 1965 (October 27). "Socioeconomic Status Scores for Detailed Occupations." Mimeo. Siegel, Paul Mathew. 1971. "Prestige in the American Occupational Structure." Dissertation. University of Chicago. Featherman, David L., F. Lancaster Jones, and Robert M. Hauser. 1975. "Assumptions of Social Mobility Research in the U.S.: The Case of Occupational Status." _Social Science Research_. 4:329-360. (Also, IRP Reprint #183). Featherman, David L., Michael Sobel and David Dickens. 1975. "A Manual for Coding Occupation and Industries into Detailed 1970 Categories and a Listing of 1970-Basis Duncan Socioeconomic and NORC Prestige Scores." CDE Working Paper #75-1. Center for Demography and Ecology. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Hauser, Robert M. and David L. Featherman. 1977. _The Process of Stratification: Trends and Analyses_. New York: Academic Press. Hauser, Robert M. and John Robert Warren. 1997. "Socioeconomic Indexes of Occupational Status: A Review, Update, and Critique." Pp. 177- 298 in _Sociological Methodology_, edited by Adrian Raftery. Cambridge: Blackwell. Nam, Charles and Mary Powers. 1979 (October). "1970 Census of Population and Housing Special Project." Mimeo & Data Files. Sheehy, L., D. Netkin, and J. Grant. "Social Factors in Aspirations and Achievements: Occupation-Industry Coding Handbook, 1974-1975." Stevens, Gillian and David L. Featherman. 1981. "A Revised Socioeconomic Index of Occupational Status." _Social Science Research_. 10:364-395. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1972. _1970 Occupation and Industry Classification Systems in Terms of Their 1960 Occupation and Industry Elements._ By John A. Priebe, Joan Heinkel, and Stanley Greene. Technical Paper No. 26. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Warren, John Robert, Jennifer T. Sheridan, and Robert M. Hauser. 1998. "Choosing a Measure of Occupational Standing: How Useful are Composite Measures in Analyses of Gender Inequality in Occupational Attainment?" _Sociological Methods & Research_. 27(1):3-79.