Volume 23, Number 1 (Winter) 1988
Cannings, Kathy. 1988. "The Earnings of Female and Male Middle Managers: A Canadian Case Study." Journal of Human Resources 23(1):34-56.
Earnings functions are estimated for a sample of 428 male and 256 female middle managers in one Canadian firm. For the full sample, human capital, behavioral, and organizational factors all have significant impacts on earnings differences, as does the gender coefficient, which accounts for a 10 percent differential against females. The female-male earnings differences are also decomposed into their coefficients, attributes, and interaction components, revealing that the differences are adequately represented in the full-sample regression by the coefficients on gender. A static model, in which returns are independent of attributes, appears to be an adequate representation of the relevant earnings function.
The author is assistant professor of economics in the School of Industrial Relations at the Université de Montréal. Research was conducted under grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Martine Poulin performed research and computational assistance, and Thomas Abbott provided additional statistical work and comments. The paper has been strengthened by comments and criticisms received from Richard Freeman, William Lazonick, George Milkovitch, and Claude Montmarquette as well as two referees of this Journal.
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