Berger, Mark C., and Barry T Hirsch. 1983. "The Civilian Earnings Experience of Vietnam-Era Veterans." Journal of Human Resources 18(4): 455-479.

In this paper we examine the civilian earnings experience of Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans between 1968 and 1977. Contrary to the results of other studies indicating sizable premiums for veterans of earlier wars but significant penalties for Vietnam veterans, we find only small overall differences between the earnings of Vietnam-era veterans and similar non- veterans. However, the absorption of veterans into the civilian labor market was slow, particularly during the early seventies. More detailed analysis shows that Vietnam-era veterans exhibited longitudinal earnings profiles which were initially lower but steeper than those of nonveterans, that veterans' relative earnings improved toward the end of this period, and that younger birth cohorts may have fared more poorly than older cohorts. Only those with less than a high school education consistently realized veteran premiums. We find no evidence that military service has benefited recent cohorts of nonwhite veterans.

The authors are, respectively, Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Kentucky, and Professor of Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
* We appreciate the useful suggestions of two anonymous referees and participants in the Labor and Human Resources Workshop, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

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