oliver at ssc dot wisc dot edu |
Pamela Oliver
Sociology Dept.
1180 Observatory Dr. Madison, Wisconsin
53706-1393
608-262-6829
|
|
Professor
Pamela Oliver
Department
of Sociology
|
|
Codebook for Content Analysis of Stories about Protest
Events
This represents the semi-official copy of the content analysis code book.
Names in ALL CAPITALS represent the variable names as they appear in the
data table and/or Stata data. Questions appear verbatim as they did in the
coding form. Response definition/options appear in [brackets] General instructions
on from the form are in italics and underlined.. Variables are ordered here
based on the order that they appear in the Access coding form. For the most
part, these are in the same order in the data table. Exceptions to this
are identified with three *** asterisks and a note about location.
Form Header Questions
CODEYORN Did you code this story? If YES, please check this box. If not,
please explain below.
[Check Box]
QUESTION Record uncertainties or QUESTIONS here. If you do not code a section
or story, please explain.
[Text Field]
MAINEVNT Please identify the EVENT that is the basis for coding the present
record.
[Text Fieldidentified from tagline files and event DB]]
PURPMESS Please identify what the EVENT PURPOSE or MESSAGE is--as it has
been defined in advance.
[Text Field Coders were to enter message as identified by leader]
SIDEA/SIDEB Identify who or what represents the different sides of the issue--as
defined in advance.
[Text Field; one for Side A, one for Side Bas defined by leader]
***RECORDN1 (Located at end of spreadsheet/data table) In the box to the
left, enter the number of the record you are currently coding (the number
in the white box in the lower left corner of the page.)
[Text Field]
CODETIME Code time - Minutes
[Text Field]
Tagline Data Page (first page tab within the coding form--TAGLN)
Instructions: Code the following variables for EACH story in the story
set.
ID Identification Index #:
[Numbers arbitrarily assigned to differentiate b/w individual stories]
CODER Original Coder/Coders:
[Text Field Initials of original tagline coder]
TAGSEQU Story Sequence Code:
[Numbers are semi-arbitrary; stories within a set have adjacent numbers)
POLICSRC Police Record Source:
[Campus = Campus Police Cap Log = Capital Police log Cap Perm = Capitol
Police permits MPD = Madison Police Department
Stillman = City street use coordinators notebook]
FILNAMID
File -- Identification #:
[Each number represents a unique ID for individual event files that is
the transformation of the event date into century days]
FILNMETI
File -- Name:
[Nominal label given to individual event files]
EVNTDATE
Event Date:
[Date of individual event]
NEWSSORC
News/Story Source:
[TCT = The Capital Times
WSJ = Wisconsin State Journal]
DATESTRY
Story Date:
[Date story was published]
DATEDIFF
Difference between Event Date and Story Date:
[Time elapsed between event and date of story publication]
DAY
Day of Week of News Story:
[Day of weekMonday, Tuesday, etc.story was published]
EDITION
News Edition:
[Daily editionFirst, second, all, etc.of newspaper]
SECTION
News Section:
[Newspaper sectionFront, Local/State, etc.]
LENGSTRY
Story Length:
[Numericalword count]
HEADLINE
Story Headline:
[Verbatim story headline]
BYLINE
Story Byline:
[Verbatim story byline]
DATELINE
Story Dateline:
[Date]
EVTINHED
Was the Event Mentioned in the Headline?
[Yes/No]
GRAPHIC
Was there a Graphic?
[Yes/No]
BEFRELWD
Words before Event?
[Word countnumber before topics relevant to event mentioned]
RELVTWDS
Number of Relevant Words:
[Word countnumber of words relevant to the event]
BEFEVTWD
Words before Event?
[Word countnumber of words before event mentioned]
EVTWORDS
Number of Event Words:
[Word countnumber of words specifically related to event]
MULTI
Were Multiple Events Mentioned?
[Yes/No]
TAGCNTXT
Context (Rated 1-4 on Event Relevance):
[1=story is about something else; some description or mention of event,
but nothing about issue.
2=story is about the issue the event concerns, but only mentions or refers
to the event without really describing it
3=story is about issue or context, contains some description of the event
4=story is basically about the event and circumstances around it]
TAGCONTXT2
Context -- Described by Coder:
[Text Field]
TROUBLE
Note of Any Troubles Coding:
[Text Field]
Identifier Variables Page (second tabIDs)
Instructions: Code the following variables for EACH story in the story
set.
***RECORDN2 (Located at end of spreadsheet/data table)
Check Record #
[Text FieldSee RECORDN1 above]
UNIQUEID
Enter the UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION number code for this story set.
[Same as FILENMID variable above]
SEQUENCE
Enter the SEQUENCE number for this individual story as it is recorded
at the beginning of the article or in its tagline file.
[Same as TAGSEQU above]
INITIALS
Enter the initials you are using to identify yourself as the coder of
this record.
[Text fieldidentifies content analysis coder, in contrast to the
tagline coder for CODER above]
UNQSEQEV
Create a unique identification variable for this record by combining the
previous three. Separate by a "dash:" UNIQUEID-SEQUENCE-INITIALS.
[Text Field]
EVTYORN
Is there any DESCRIPTION OF THE EVENT in this article? This can include
previews anticipating details of the event. If "Yes," check
the box.
[Check box]
PREVYORN
Does this article "preview" the event? If "Yes," check
the box.
[Check box]
You must now make a decision about what to code next. If the article
is about the event, then proceed to code the subform titled EVT1. If not,
then proceed to code the subform ISS1.
Event Variables 1 Page (third tabEVT1)
EVTYPE
From the pulldown list given in this field, identify the TYPE OF EVENT
that is central to this story set.
Permitted Message Events
- 1 Rally (Stationary Demo)
- 2 March (At some pt. mobile)
- 3 Vigil
- 4 Ceremony/ Press Conference
- 5 Speeches, hearings, meetings open to public
- 6 Service, Memorial
- 7 meetings, conferences not public
- 8 forum, debate recode as 5
- 9 larger days (e.g. earth, mlk, veterans)
Unpermitted Message Events
- 10 Pickets, signs, banners (small)
- 11 Protest at hearing, speech, meeting
- 12 Unpermitted protest
- 13 Protest at social, recreational event
- 15 leafletting
- 16 possible protest, may not have happened
- 17 Blockade
- 18 Violence or vandalism at protest
Message Non-Events
- 21 Display of info
- 22 Distribute Literature or other messages
- 23 Collections
Crimes
- 31 Vandalism
- 32 Bomb
- 33 Riot
- 34 Fight
- 35 Bomb Threat
Commercial, Fundraising
- 41 Fundraiser, Non profit
- 42 City-wide Festival
- 43 Commercial Event
- 44 Fair or sale
- 45 Specific firm (ad or tie-in to event)
Entertainment
- 51 Impromptu Celebration
- 52 Neighborhood Party, school parties, parades
- 53 Athletic Event
- 54 Theatrical Performance
- 55 Concert
- 56 Art Exhibit or creative displays
- 57 Dance
- 58 Other activity
- 59 Party
- 60 ethnic festivals or other events which may have content
- 61 parades
- 62 record unclear
- 99 not collective events
EVTLOC
EVENTLOC2
Is the LOCATION of the event provided in the story? If it is provided,
identify specifically where in the second field.
[0 = Not provided in the story
1 = Provided
9 = Uncertain]
[Text Field]
ANNUAL
As best you can tell, is the event an ANNUAL one?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
MOBSTRUC
Are MOBILIZING efforts mentioned? (e.g. local committees, national committees,
churches, coordinators, marshalls . . . )
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
BEFORE
Is there any mention of PRELIMINARY events such as rallies, meeting, or
gatherings that take place in the days or weeks before the event occurs?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
AFTER
Is there any mention of planned FOLLOW-UP activities (e.g. voting, marching,
boycotting, organizing, planned rallies . . . )
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
EVTSAID
Rate the level of detail provided in this article about WHAT PEOPLE SAID
at the event. Include messages on banners. Omit things not said specifically
at the event.
[0 = Nothing at all
1 = A slogan or a phrase
2 = A few sentences (No more than 5)
3 = 2 or 3 paragraphs (or 6 to 15 sentences)
4 = More than 15 sentences
POINTEVT
After reading the article, what do you understand the PURPOSE or POINT
OF THE EVENT to be?
[Text FieldCoder description]
TARGET
TARGET2
A TARGET is an individual, organization or institution that event supporters
call upon to make changes, such as new policies, or to correct some error
or injustice. E.g., if there was a protest over welfare cuts in the State
budget, the target would be the Thompson Administration. A TARGET is also
someone or something whose beliefs or actions prompt the protest as a
response. E.g., if a political cartoon offends a group, the cartoonist
would be the target of their protests. In this article, is there a clear
and/or named target of this event? If "Yes," identify it in
the field below. (Note: There can be more than one target.)
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
CTRDEM
Does the story mention the presence of COUNTER-DEMONSTRATORS at the event?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
POLICE
Is there mention of POLICE presence? (quotation attributed to a police
officer should be coded as a 1)
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
ARREST
ARREST2
Does the story mention any ARRESTS taking place at the event? If so, identify
who was arrested
[i.e. event supporter(s), counter-demonstrator, bystander(s)] in the second
field?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
RIOT
Does the story mention use of riot gear, tear gas or water cannons by
police in effort to DISPERSE the crowd?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
ASSAULT
ASSAULT2
Does the story mention any physical ASSAULTS? If so, name the parties
involved
[i.e. event supporter(s), police, counter-demonstrator(s), bystander(s)]
in the second field
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
ACTS
ACTS2
Are the ACTIVITIES of event participants mentioned (e.g. singing chanting,
clapping, listening, praying, yelling, fighting)? If yes, please list
the specific activities mentioned in the second field.
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
SIZEST
SIZEST2
Identify the estimate of EVENT SIZE in the first field as provided by
the story. If you enter 1, 3, or 5, then enter the EXACT text of the size
descriptor in the second field. If you enter 2 or 4, enter the exact numerical
estimate in the second field. (Note: If multiple estimates are given,
enter the one that seems to be most reliable or trustworthy.)
[0 = Not provided in the story
1 = Size-relevant description
2 = Exact numerical estimate given
3 = Rough numerical estimate given
4 = Some combo of size-relevant and exact estimate
5 = Some combo of size-relevant and rough estimate]
DURATION
DURATN2
Is the DURATION of the event mentioned? If you code this 1,3, or 5, then
enter the exact-text description of time into the second field. If you
code this 2 or 4, then enter the exact chronological estimate into the
second field.
[0 = Not provided in the story
1 = Time-relevant description
2 = Exact numerical estimate given
3 = Rough numerical estimate given
4 = Some combo of time-relevant and exact estimate
5 = Some combo of time-relevant and rough estimate]
DISRUPT
DISRUPT2
Does the story mention any of the following ACTIVITIES or similar activities
taking place:
* event participants confront en masse or "swarm" elected official(s),
member(s) of publicly appointed bodies, judge(s), or election candidate(s)
* event held at the private residence of elected official, member of publicly
appointed bodies, judges, or election candidate without the consent of
the resident.
* picket or vigil at an event attended by elected official(s), member(s)
of publicly appointed bodies, judge(s), or election candidate(s)
[picket or vigil targets those attending]
* event participants hold "sit-in" in the office(s) elected
official(s), member(s) of publicly appointed bodies, judge(s), or election
candidate(s)
* event participants disrupt proceedings of legislative body, court, board/commission,
or government-sponsored public forum. Examples of disruption include chanting,
yelling, speaking out of turn, hold "sit-in", block entrance/exit.
* other (please specify in the second field.
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
Event Variables 2 Page (fourth tabEVT2)
Instructions: Code the following variables for EACH story in the story
set that specifically addresses the main event for this set.
NAMESEVT
List all NAMES, titles, positions and activities of persons identified
as PRESENT AT THE EVENT. Positions might include supporter, opponent,
public official, expert, by-stander, target, issue-affected, etc. Every
individual mentioned should be given a title. Also, if state officials
have opposed a group or its message in the past, then, in the absence
of explicit evidence to the contrary, one should assume that they or their
spokespersons are event opponents.
[Text Field]
SPONSEVT
List all names of individuals or organizations SPONSORING or organizing
the event.
[Text Field]
EVTMESG
According to the PARTICIPANTS, what is the message of this event? Copy/paste
any text specifically attributed to event PARTICIPANTS (proponents; not
opponents) about what their event message is. These may be direct or indirect
quotes from participants, or descriptions of what the participants said
their message was.
[Text Field]
MSGTYPE
According to the STORY, what is the message of the event? Where possible,
please copy/paste text from the story. Otherwise, use your own words to
summarize what the story says about the events message. (What the
story says about the events message may or may not be closely aligned
with what the participants said the message was.)
[Text Field]
RELIGEV
RELIGEV2
Is there any mention of RELIGION or religious persons in relation to the
event? If yes, please enter a basic description (who, what relation, which
side, etc.) in the second field. You can either copy/paste or enter your
own coder summary.
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
DEMS
Is there any mention of DEMOCRATS in relation to the event? Only code
other than 0 if party affiliation is explicitly mentioned.
[0 = None
1 = As participants in the event
2 = As supporters of the event
3 = As opponents or targets of the event
4 = As both supporters/participants and opponents
9 = Uncertain]
REPUBS
Is there any mention of REPUBLICANS in relation to the event? Only code
other than 0 if party affiliation is explicitly mentioned.
[0 = None
1 = As participants in the event
2 = As supporters of the event
3 = As opponents or targets of the event
4 = As both supporters/participants and opponents
9 = Uncertain]
3PARTY
3PARTY2
Is there any mention of OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES in relation to the event?
Only code other than 0 if party affiliation is explicitly mentioned. If
a third party or parties is/are mentioned, please IDENTIFY these by name.
[0 = None
1 = As participants in the event
2 = As supporters of the event
3 = As opponents or targets of the event
4 = As both supporters/participants and opponents
9 = Uncertain]
PRIVINT
Is there any mention of PRIVATE-SECTOR or BUSINESS INTERESTS being centrally
related to the event?
[0 = None
1 = As participants in the event
2 = As supporters of the event
3 = As opponents or targets of the event
4 = As both supporters/participants and opponents
9 = Uncertain]
INSTREL
Does the story state specific INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS--legislation, court
cases, policy, social practices--which event protestors hope to affect?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
LEGACT
LEGACT2
Does the story mention recent or active consideration of event-related
issue(s) by a LEGISLATIVE BODY or named advisory body? (Note: Legislative
bodies include: University of Wisconsin Board of Regents, Madison Common
Council, State legislature, and US Congress. Advisory bodies include Public
Boards and Commissions as well as Madison Mayor or Governor appointed-bodies.
Active consideration includes public forums, open or closed hearings,
debates, and votes. A general reference to legislative or advisory body
taking up the issue should be coded as a "Yes"). If value equals
yes, then list the specific activities that were mentioned in the second
field.
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
ELECT
ELECT2
Does the story mention active consideration of event-related issue(s)
by CANDIDATES currently running for elected office? (Note: active consideration
includes speeches and debates about the issue.) If value equals yes, then
list the specific activities that were mentioned in the second field.
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
JUDIC
JUDIC2
Does the story mention recent or active consideration of event-related
issue(s) by a COURT of law? If value equals yes, then list the specific
activities that were mentioned in the second field.
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
RACE
RACE2
Is there any mention of RACIAL or ETHNIC MINORITY/MAJORITY status of any
participant or those affected by the issue addressed by the event? If
yes, please copy/paste or list all racial, ethnic, minority, or majority
references in the second field. Be liberal here. References that might
conventionally be understood to be both religious and ethnic orientation,
for example, like being Jewish, should be included here.
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
Continue coding event variables on the sub-form EVT3.
Event Variables 3 Page (fifth tabEVT3)
Instructions: Code the following variables for EACH story in the story
set that specifically addresses the main event for this set.
***RECORDN3 (Located at end of spreadsheet/data table)
Check Record #
[Text FieldSee RECORDN1 above]
SEXOR
Is there any mention of the SEXUAL ORIENTATION of any participant or those
affected by the issue addressed by the event?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
ABILITY
Is there any mention of the ABILITIES/DISABILITIES of any particpant or
those affected by the issue addressed by the event?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
CLASS
CLASS2
Is there any mention of the SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS of any participant or
those affected by the issue addressed by the event (e.g., their income,
occupation, blue/white collar, education level, union affiliation, etc.)?
If yes, copy/paste or list all references to SE status in the second field.
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Uncertain]
IMAGES
Is there any information about IMAGES at the event that would convey an
event message? For example: pictures of an aborted fetus, dead seals,
a politician smoking dollar bills, etc. Note: In most cases, all you will
have is a verbal description of the image. Code for graphic only if the
caption on the graphic leads you to believe that the image is in the graphic.
0 = No images
1 = A verbal description of an image
2 = A picture of the image (probably only codable if this is clearly inferable
from the graphic caption)
3 = Both graphic (inferred from a caption) and verbal description elsewhere
in the story (i.e., not only in the caption)
HAPPDETL
Rate the level of detail about what happened at this event (EXCLUDING
what was said).
0 = Nothing at all
1 = Vague mention of type of event, no real description (Examples: at
a press conference today; protesters yesterday . . . )
2 = Some concrete but brief description of action that gives you a general
idea of what happened, but not a lot of detail. Examples: 2000 people
marched today for gay rights; protesters blocked the door to the assembly
hall)
3 = At least several sentences describing different things that happened
at the event or different details about the event (not including things
said there)
4 = More extensive details about what was done at the event, who was there,
what people wore, the weather, etc. (not including what was said).
HAPDETWS
Count the number of words in the article that describe the specific details
of the event, excluding what was said and record this in the adjacent
field.
[Word count]
ISSUEWDS
How many WORDS contain discussions of the issue the event concerns? Coders
should focus on text that pertains specifically to issue-engaging dialogue,
and to omit text that provides details and action-oriented background
information; e.g., coders would omit from the word count something like
"Group X puts up banner in the past. State takes down banner. Group
X lost suit for lack of evidence. State grants permit for Group X to put
up banner."
[Word count]
AGENDAEV
Does the story make reference to the sponsoring groups broader agenda
beyond the specific event message conveyed by the story?
0 = Not at all
1 = Some brief allusion to a broader agenda or concern (e.g., right-wing
Christian, progressive movement, socialist,
anti-racist, part of a larger pattern)
2 = 1-2 sentences of discussion of a broader agenda
3 = 3-10 sentences of discussion of a broader agenda
4 = 11 or more sentences of discussion of a broader agenda
LEGIT
When you read the description of this event, what is your impression about
the intelligence, purpose, and motivations for event supporters? Be sure
to base your responses solely upon the story. Do not introduce outside
knowledge or your own political perspective.
[0 = Definitely negative (hostile toward the event message)
1 = Somewhat negative
2 = Neutral
3 = Somewhat positive
4 = Definitely positive (sympathetic to event message)]
Continue coding event variables on the sub-form EVT SDs.
Event Semantic Differentials Page (sixth tabEVT SDs)
Instructions: Based solely upon the content of the story as a whole, use
the following differential scales to characterize your impressions of,
first, the event organizers or participants, and, second, event opponents
or counter-demonstrators, with respect to the values indicated on each
pole of the scale. That is, code each side separately. If there is not
enough information to code for a particular scale, leave the field blank.
Read the story completely. Sentiments do not have to be explicitly stated
only reasonably inferable from the storys contents. In forming your
impressions, be sure to consider (though note exclusively) the following:
- a) who is quoted, how many times they are quoted, and in what ways
are they coded (i.e. whether distancing techniques is used);
- b) the connotations of the terms used to describe event participants;
- c) the location of information on the event in the article; and
- d) what the focus of the story is, including what is defined as
the issue.
Please refer to the definitions of the semantic terms as well as the examples
provided for the term at the left end of the scale to assist in assigning
the appropriate value.
Do not return and recode these variables after moving to the next section
of the code sheet.
DEVIATES (Supporter)
DEVIATEO (Opponent)
DEVIATE
Normal Odd
0 1 2 3 4
ODD: deviating from established norms or rules of appropriate conduct,
language, or appearance.
NORMAL: not deviating from established norms or rules of appropriate conduct,
language, or appearance.
Examples of Odd: Event participants either destroy property or take illegal
drugs; make strange, incoherent, or obscene statements or gestures; or
are unclean, naked, or dress in highly unconventional attire. With
hairy legs showing beneath his silk dress, the queen of the
gay pride parade presided triumphantly over the leather fetishists flanking
his float. The over-sized banner made the Rotunda look like
a hockey rink.
DEPTHES (Supporter)
DEPTHEO (Opponent)
DEPTH
Serious Silly
0 1 2 3 4
SILLY: absurd, trifling or unbecoming levity in conduct, language, or
appearance
SERIOUS: thoughtful, sober, and focused in conduct, language, or appearance
Examples of Silly: Those attending a protest against the death penalty
play frisbee and sun-bathe. Attendance at the event portrayed as an excuse
not to go to classes or work.
STRENGES (Supporter)
STRENGEO (Opponent)
STRENGTH
Weak Strong
0 1 2 3 4
WEAK: without resources, easily dismissed, ineffective at creating pressure
on behalf of a desired goal
STRONG: resource-laden, not easily dismissed, effective at creating pressure
on behalf of a desired goal
Examples of Weak: Small group of protesters without large financial. Demonstrators
were ignored or subdued by the police and targets with few negative ramifications
for those dismissing them.
MORALES (Supporter)
MORALEO (Opponent)
MORALITY
Moral Immoral
0 1 2 3 4
MORAL: acting in accordance with what the story states or implies is right
IMMORAL: acting in violation of what the story states or implies is wrong
Examples of Immoral: The abortion protesters terrorized children
with their large posters depicting aborted fetuses. If animal
rights activists have their way, countless lives will be lost due to an
end of valuable medical research using laboratory animals.
You have finished coding all of the EVENT VARIABLES. Please procede
to code the ISSUE VARIABLES, beginning with sub-form ISS1.
Issue Variables 1 Page (seventh tabISS1)
FORAGAIN
FORAGAIN2
Are there any cases of people expressing themselves, or being identified
as, AGAINST THE EVENT but SUPPORTIVE OF THE ISSUE (i.e., whichever side
of the issue corresponds to the event)? If "yes," then copy/paste
into the field below all text relevant to identification as such..
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
Instructions: Code the following variables for EACH story in the story
set that specifically addresses the main issue for this set.
NAMESA
List all NAMES, titles, positions and activities of PERSONS mentioned
in relation to SIDE A of the issue. Positions might include supporter,
opponent, public official, expert, by-stander, target, issue-affected,
etc. Every individual mentioned should be given a title. Also, if state
officials have opposed a group, its message, or this issue in the past,
then, in the absence of explicit evidence to the contrary, one should
assume that they or their spokespersons are event opponents. Note:
This would include the names of persons already coded in the EVENT VARIABLES
section, if it was coded for this article.
[Text Field]
SPONSORA
List all NAMES of ORGANIZATIONS mentioned in relation to SIDE A of this
issue.
[Text Field]
NAMEB
List all NAMES, titles, positions and activities of PERSONS mentioned
in relation to SIDE B of the issue. Positions might include supporter,
opponent, public official, expert, by-stander, target, issue-affected,
etc. Every individual mentioned should be given a title. Also, if state
officials have opposed a group, its message, or this issue in the past,
then, in the absence of explicit evidence to the contrary, one should
assume that they or their spokespersons are event opponents. Note:
This would include the names of persons already coded in the EVENT VARIABLES
section, if it was coded for this article.
[Text Field]
SPONSORB
List all NAMES of ORGANIZATIONS mentioned in relation to SIDE B of this
issue.
[Text Field]
MSGTYPE2
Using copy/paste, enter the most concise text in the story that conveys
the content of the PRIMARY ISSUE or ISSUE MESSAGE, as portrayed by the
article as a whole. You can do this piecemeal if necessary.
[Text FieldCoders own interpretation]
RLGEVIS
RLGEVIS2
Is there any mention of RELIGION or religious persons in relation to the
issue? If yes, please enter a basic description (who, what relation, which
side, etc.) in the second field. You can either copy/paste or enter your
own coder summary.
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
DEMS2
Is there any mention of DEMOCRATS in relation to the issue? Only code
other than 0 if party affiliation is explicitly mentioned.
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
REPUBS2
Is there any mention of REPUBLICANS in relation to the issue? Only code
other than 0 if party affiliation is explicitly mentioned.
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
3PARTIS
3PARTIS2
Is there any mention of OTHER political parties in relation to the issue?
Only code other than 0 if explicitly mentioned. If mentioned,
please identify the third party by name in the second field.
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
PRIVINT2
Is there any mention of PRIVATE SECTOR or BUSINESS INTERESTS being centrally
related to the issue?
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
INSTREL2
Does the story state specific INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS legislation,
court cases, policy, social practiceswhich would be changed by action
on this issue?
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
LEGIACT
LEGIACT2
Does the story mention recent or active consideration of the issue or
issue message by a LEGISLATIVE BODY or named advisory body? (Note: Legislative
bodies include: University of Wisconsin Board of Regents, Madison Common
Council, State legislature, and US Congress. Advisory bodies include Public
Boards and Commissions as well as Madison Mayor or Governor appointed-bodies.
Active consideration includes public forums, open or closed hearings,
debates, and votes. A general reference to legislative or advisory body
taking up the issue should be coded as a "Yes"). If value equals
yes, then list the specific activities that were mentioned in the second
field.
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
ELCTION
ELCTION2
Does the story mention active consideration of the issue or issue message
by CANDIDATES currently running for elected office? (Note: active consideration
includes speeches and debates about the issue.) If value equals yes, then
list the specific activities that were mentioned in the second field.
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
JUCICIAL
JUDICIAL2
Does the story mention recent or active consideration of the issue or
issue message by a COURT of law? If value equals yes, then list the specific
activities that were mentioned in the second field.
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
Continue coding issue variables on the sub-form ISS2.
Issue Variables 2 Page (eighth tabISS2)
***RECORDN4 (Located at end of spreadsheet/data table)
Check Record #
[Text FieldSee RECORDN1 above]
Instructions: Code the following variables for EACH story in the story
set that specifically addresses the main issue for this set.
RACEISS
RACEISS2
Is there any mention of RACIAL or ETHNIC MINORITY/MAJORITY status of persons
affected by or with an interest in the issue or issue message? If yes,
please copy/paste or list all racial, ethnic, minority, or majority references
in the second field. Be liberal here. References that might conventionally
be understood to be both religious and ethnic orientation, for example,
like being Jewish, should be included here.
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
SEXORISS
Is there any mention of the SEXUAL ORIENTATION of persons affected by
or with an interest in the issue or issue message?
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
ABILITYI
Is there any mention of the ABILITIES/DISABILITIES of persons affected
by or with an interest in the issue or issue message?
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
CLASSIS
CLASSIS2
Is there any mention of the SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS of persons affected
by or with an interest in the issue or issue message (e.g., their income,
occupation, blue/white collar, education level, union affiliation, etc.)?
If yes, copy/paste or list all references to SE status in the second field.
[0 = No
1 = Yes]
FEMALES (Women)
MALES (Men)
ANDROG (Indeterminate)
How many times are WOMEN DIRECTLY quoted (full quotations) in the story
in relation to the event or the event message? How many times are MEN?
How many times are persons of INDETERMINATE gender?
FEMALESI (Women)
MALESI (Men)
ANDROGI (Indeterminate)
How many times are WOMEN INDIRECTLY quoted (partial quotes, or non-quoted
phrases like "X stated that" or "Y believes that",
etc.) in the story in relation to the event or the event message? How
many times are MEN? How many times are persons of INDETERMINATE gender?
As you code the next section, use the following definition of a public
official when necessary. A PUBLIC OFFICIAL is anyone elected to a public
office, appointed by an elected official, any employee of a publicly funded
department, agency, or institution speaking in an official capacity (this
includes fire and police officers), and any administator or administrative
staff of a university. Faculty are not public officials, unless speaking
in an administrative capacity.
DTQ
Are SMALL PHRASES (five words or less) placed in quotation? We are looking
for quotes around small bits that are part of a larger paraphrase.
Example1: The organizers said that they were "outraged" at the
budget report.
Example2: He said the university "finds racial incidents intolerable"
and will work with students . . .
Note: Do not code as "1" phrases in quotations that are contained
within verbatim quotes.
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Undecided]
DTQSTR
COPY/PASTE the entire sentence for each instance of small phrases being
placed in quotes from the preceding question. There may be more than one.
[Text Field}
If the preceding questions were treated as "yes," identify the
number of times that each of the following actors were the source for
the above treatment.
DTQSDA (Persons on SIDE A of the issue other than public officials and
targets)
DTQSDB (Persons on SIDE B of the issuE other than public officials and
targets)
DTQOFA (Public OFFICIALS on SIDE A)
DTQOFB (Public OFFICIALS on SIDE B)
DTQTGA (TARGET of the event (other than pub. officials) on Side A)
DTQTGB (TARGET of the event (other than pub. officials) on Side B)
DTQOTH (OTHER -- Give # in the field on the right, and describe below.)
DTQOTH2
[Text Field]
DQNSDA
Are there any DIRECT quotations (involving whole sentences or whole thoughts)
from persons on SIDE A of the issue?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Undecided]
If yes, identify the total number of WORDS of direct quotation from:
DQNSDAS--SIDE A other than public officials and targets-->
DQNSDAO--Public OFFICIALS supporting SIDE A (including if they are target)-->
DQNSDAT --A TARGET of the event who also supports SIDE A-->
DQNSDAO1--OTHER Give # in the field on the right, and describe
below-->
DQNSDAO2
[Text Field]
If yes, identify the total number of WORDS of direct quotation from:
DQSDAWS--SIDE A other than public officials and targets-->
DQSDAWO--Public OFFICIALS supporting SIDE A (including if they are target)-->
DQSDAWT--A TARGET of the event who also supports SIDE A-->
DQSDAWOT--OTHER-->
IQNSDA
Are there any INDIRECT quotations from persons on SIDE A of the issue?
(I.e., "they said," "event participants stated," "organizers
called for," "they talked about," "they estimate,"
"she argues that," "he notes that," " they point
out that . . .," etc.)
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Undecided]
If yes, identify the total number of WORDS of direct quotation from:
IQNSDAS--SIDE A other than public officials and targets-->
IQNSDAO--Public OFFICIALS supporting SIDE A (including if they are target)-->
IQNSDAT--A TARGET of the event who also supports SIDE A-->
IQNSDAO1--OTHER Give # in the field on the right, and describe
below-->
IQNSDAO2
[Text Field]
If yes, identify the total number of WORDS of direct quotation from:
IQSDAWS--SIDE A other than public officials and targets-->
IQSDAWO--Public OFFICIALS supporting SIDE A (including if they are target)-->
IQSDAWT--A TARGET of the event who also supports SIDE A-->
IQSDAWOT--OTHER-->
Continue coding issue variables on the sub-form ISS3.
Issue Variables 3 Page (ninth tabISS3)
Instructions: Code the following variables for EACH story in the story
set that specifically addresses the main issue for this set.
DQNSDB
Are there any DIRECT quotations (involving whole sentences or whole thoughts)
from persons on SIDE B of the issue?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Undecided]
If yes, identify the total number of INDIVIDUALS quoted who are:
DQNSDBS--SIDE B other than public officials and targets-->
DQNSDBO--Public OFFICIALS supporting SIDE B (including if they are target)-->
DQNSDBT --A TARGET of the event who also supports SIDE B-->
DQNSDBO1--OTHER Give # in the field on the right, and describe
below-->
DQNSDBO2
[Text Field]
If yes, identify the total number of WORDS of direct quotation from:
DQSDBWS--SIDE B other than public officials and targets-->
DQSDBWO--Public OFFICIALS supporting SIDE B (including if they are target)-->
DQSDBWT--A TARGET of the event who also supports SIDE B-->
DQSDBWOT--OTHER-->
IQNSDB
Are there any INDIRECT quotations from persons on SIDE B of the issue?
(I.e., "they said," "event participants stated," "organizers
called for," "they talked about," "they estimate,"
"she argues that," "he notes that," " they point
out that . . .," etc.)
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Undecided]
If yes, identify the total number of INDIVIDUALS quoted who are:
IQNSDBS--SIDE B other than public officials and targets-->
IQNSDBO--Public OFFICIALS supporting SIDE B (including if they are target)-->
IQNSDBT--A TARGET of the event who also supports SIDE B-->
IQNSDBO1--OTHER Give # in the field on the right, and describe
below-->
IQNSDBO2
[Text Field]
If yes, identify the total number of WORDS of direct quotation from:
IQSDBWS--SIDE B other than public officials and targets-->
IQSDBWO--Public OFFICIALS supporting SIDE B (including if they are target)-->
IQSDBWT--A TARGET of the event who also supports SIDE B-->
IQSDBWOT--OTHER-->
DQNSDN
Are there any DIRECT quotations (involving whole sentences or whole thoughts)
NEUTRAL or balanced toward the issue?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Undecided]
If yes, identify the total number of INDIVIDUALS quoted who are:
DQNSDNA-- SIDE A other than public officials and targets-->
DQNSDNB-- SIDE B other than public officials and targets-->
DQNSDNO-- Public OFFICIALS (including if they are the target)-->
DQNSDNT-- A TARGET of the issue-->
DQNSDNO1-- OTHER Please identify in the field--v
DQNSDNO2
[Text Field]
If yes, identify the total number of WORDS of direct quotation from:
DQSDNWA-- SIDE A other than public officials and targets-->
DQSDNWB-- SIDE B other than public officials and targets-->
DQSDNWO-- Public OFFICIALS (including if they are the target)-->
DQSDNWT-- A TARGET of the issue-->
DQSDNWOT-- OTHER-->
IQNSDN
Are there any INDIRECT quotations NEUTRAL or balanced toward the issue?
(I.e., "they said," "event participants stated," "organizers
called for," "they talked about," "they estimate,"
"she argues that," " they point out that . . .," etc.)
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Undecided]
If yes, identify the total number of INDIVIDUALS quoted who are:
IQNSDNA-- SIDE A other than public officials and targets-->
IQNSDNB-- SIDE B other than public officials and targets-->
IQNSDNO-- Public OFFICIALS (including if they are the target)-->
IQNSDNT-- A TARGET of the issue-->
IQNSDNO1-- OTHER Please identify in the field--v
IQNSDNO2
[Text Field]
If yes, identify the total number of WORDS of direct quotation from:
IQSDNWA-- SIDE A other than public officials and targets-->
IQSDNWB-- SIDE B other than public officials and targets-->
IQSDNWO-- Public OFFICIALS (including if they are the target)-->
IQSDNWT-- A TARGET of the issue-->
IQSDNWOT-- OTHER-->
TITFTAT1
How would you best characterize the balance of coverage given to the two
sides, A and B, in this article?
1 = It is all one-sided; i.e., only the perspectives of A or B are given.
2 = First the entire perspective of one is given, then the entire perspective
of the other; i.e., both are covered, but there is not alternation.
3 = There is some alternation, or back-and-forth, between
the presentation of one sides perspective and the others
TITFTAT2
Which of the following appears first in this article?
1 = Recognition disagreement or conflict between sides A and B
2 = Recognition of Side As perspective first
3 = Recognition of Side Bs perspective first
TITFTAT3
Which of the following appears last in this article?
1 = Recognition or reiteration of disagreement or conflict
2 = Something reflective of Side As perspective or position
3 = Something reflective of Side Bs perspective or position
TITFTAT4
Which of the following answers best represents the distribution or sequencing
of coverage sympathetic or representative of Sides A and B?
1 = No oscillations; coverage is one-sided (A or B)
2 = 1 oscillation (A then B, or B then A)
3 = 2 oscillations (ABA or BAB)
4 = 3 oscillations (ABAB or BABA)
5 = More than 3 oscillations
[Note: This variable calculated by Pam from the above in her copy of
Stata data base, not in other copies of the data file. Derived variables:
Baltft (numeric) and Baltxt (string):
1 All A = tft1 says one sided, begins with A, ends with A, no oscillations
46 cases (52%)
2 TFT pro A = tft but started and ended with A 13 cases (15%)
3 All B = tft1 says one sided, begins with B, ends with B, all but 1 also
coded as no oscillations (7 cases, 8%)
4 is conflict = one sided, began with recognition of conflict, no oscillations,
ended with recognition of conflict or B (3 cases, 4%)
5 TitFtat =both sides, did not begin and end with the same side, there
were oscillations (14 cases, 16%)
6 both=first one side then the other, begin/end with different sides,
one case where multiple oscillations reported, others no oscillations
(5 cases 6%)
7 (no code)
8 error. tft1 says one sided, tft4 says no oscillations, but begin and
end on different sides. (1 case)
Continue coding issue variables on the sub-form ISS SDs.
Issue Semantic Differentials Page (tenth tabISS SDs)
Instructions: Based solely upon the content of the story as a whole,
use the following differential scales to characterize your impressions
of, first, the Side A advocates, and, second, event opponents or counter-demonstrators,
with respect to the values indicated on each pole of the scale. That is,
code each side separately. If there is not enough information to code
for a particular scale, leave the field blank.
Read the story completely. Sentiments do not have to be explicitly stated
only reasonably inferable from the storys contents. In forming your
impressions, be sure to consider (though note exclusively) the following:
- a) who is quoted, how many times they are quoted, and in what ways
are they coded (i.e. whether distancing techniques is used);
- b) the connotations of the terms used to describe event participants;
- c) the location of information on the event in the article; and
- d) what the focus of the story is, including what is defined as
the issue.
Please refer to the definitions of the semantic terms as well as the examples
provided for the term at the left end of the scale to assist in assigning
the appropriate value.
Do not return and recode these variables after moving to the next section
of the code sheet.
DEVIATEIA (Side A)
DEVIATEIB (Side B)
DEVIATE
Normal Odd
0 1 2 3 4
ODD: deviating from established norms or rules of appropriate conduct,
language, or appearance.
NORMAL: not deviating from established norms or rules of appropriate conduct,
language, or appearance.
Examples of Odd: One speaker insisted that long-distance education
would be used to send subliminal messages planted by the CIA to unsuspecting
viewers.
MORALIA (Side A)
MORALIB (Side B)
MORALITY
Moral Immoral
0 1 2 3 4
IMMORAL: acting in violation of what the story states or implies is wrong
MORAL: acting in accordance with what the story states or implies is right
Examples of Immoral: No one, in good conscience, can support what
theyre asking for, said Target X. According to Reverend
X, Homosexuality undermines traditional family values.
IMPORTIA (Side A)
IMPORTIB (Side B)
IMPORT
Important Unimportant
0 1 2 3 4
IMPORTANT: having evident value or significance by either virtue of its
consequences or its own existence.
UNIMPORTANT: lacking evident value or significance by either virtue of
its consequences or their own existence.
Examples of Unimportant: With the debate on the state budget coming
up, whether or not to remove a statue from the Capitol grounds is the
least of our concerns, said State Assembly Member X. While
those speaking at the May Day event urged the Governor to be more union
friendly, a recently-released survey of Wisconsin employees indicates
that most, in fact, do not see the need for unions
IMPACTIA (Side A)
IMPACTIB (Side B)
IMPACT
Negative Impact Positive Impact
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
NEGATIVE Impact: objective of event message supporters, if realized, will
have a negative economic, social, political, or cultural impact.
POSITIVE Impact: objective of event message supporters, if realized, will
have a negative economic, social, political, or cultural impact.
Examples of Negative Impact: Failure to allow the new mining operation
would result in the loss of an estimated five hundred new jobs.
According to Expert X, the legislation advocated by protesters would
actually harm its intended beneficiaries.
You have finished coding all of the ISSUE VARIABLES. Please procede
to code the ISSUE VARIABLES, beginning with sub-form THEM/EP.
Thematic/Episodic Variables Page (eleventh tabTHEM/EP)
***RECORDN5 (Located at end of spreadsheet/data table)
Check Record #
[Text FieldSee RECORDN1 above]
Instructions: Code the following variables for EACH story in the story
set that specifically addresses the main issue for this set.
RATBROAD
Rate the amount of information given in this article regarding the broader
historical, social, economic, or political context of this event or issue.
0 = None at all
1 = Brief mention of recent incidents or the fact that there is some controversy.
No more than 1-2 sentences . . . It does not really give detail on the
context, beyond suggesting that there is one.
2 = Several sentences (3-7) summarizing prior events or debates: What
happened before that led up to this event, what previous arguments have
been made, etc.
3 = Several paragraphs (8-20) sentences providing significant background
to the event or issue, or of the economic or political factors involved
in the issue, or of statistics or research relevant to the issue, etc.
4 = Extensive background information, a longer discussion and analysis
of the underlying conditions or situations form which this event or issue
arises. This may include summaries of research or statistics. It can also
include case studies or interviews or historical narratives which are
used to provide background and context on the issue.
CONTEXT
Count the number of words in the story making reference to the broader
historical, social, economic, or political context in which the event
or issue takes place. Note: Historical context includes prior similar
or related events or issues and the backgrounds of the participants. Social
and economic context include the social and economic conditions that brought
about the event or issue (i.e., rising levels of homelessness, unemployment,
etc.) The political context includes legislative, judicial, or executive
activity on the issue addressed by the event and the actions and positions
of public officials targeted by and/or responding to the event or issue.
[Text Field]
COVTYPE2
EPISODIC COVERAGE stresses predominantly the details of the demonstration
itself (e.g. numbers of people, the weather, speakers or entertainers),
with minimal or no attention to the issues raised by the demonstration.
THEMATIC COVERAGE focuses on the more general issues raised by the event.
For example, a thematic story on a homeless demonstration would provide
statistics on the numbers of homeless and suggest socioeconomic reasons
for this problem or it might detail pending legislation on the issue.
Given the above distinction, use the following scale to indicate the extent
to which the article should be described as EPISODIC or THEMATIC
Episodic -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 Thematic
ISSHDLN
Is there any reference in the headline to the issue or the event message?
[0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Undecided}
STYLEREF
In the tagline file, is the value of the variable EVTWDS 20 or less? If
so, copy/paste these from the story file into the field here.
You have finished coding all of the ISSUE VARIABLES. If this was the
last story in the story set, procede to code the SET sub-form. Otherwise,
you can begin a new record.
Please be sure that you record a "Coding Time" for this story
before you move on to the next record!!!
Story Set Variables Page (twelfth tabSET)
Instructions: The following questions apply to the ENTIRE STORY SET
you have just finished coding. If you did not code the entire set during
the same sitting, it is probably not necessary to review the entire set.
PROMIN
PROMIN2
[Text Field]
For the first story/stories addressing the event (i.e., the first to chronologically
address the event), in what context is the event itself first mentioned?
1 It is previewed/forecasted as the MAIN focus of the story
2 It is previewed/forecasted as an ADDENDUM to a story otherwise focused
on an issue/topic related to the event issue.
3 It is previewed/forecasted as an addendum to a story with NO CLEAR or
apparent relation to the issue/topic of the event.
4 The event is the primary subject of a NEWS report appearing after the
event.
5 The event is first reported within the context of something ADDITIONALLY
newsworthy after the event (e.g. the event only became newsworthy after
some additional occurrence or when attached to something else).
6 The event is mentioned/addressed in an "ISSUE examination"
piece at some point after it occurred (i.e. this implies the event was
never reported as timely "news").
7 OTHER - Explain in the second field.
MEDIATTN
Which of the following best describes the story set?
1 Protest event(s) are portrayed as a response to some institutional/procedural
"crisis" (e.g. legislation being debated/recently passed prompts
an immediate public reaction in the form of the event).
2 The media defines something as a "crisis" that groups react
to in the form of protest event(s). Note: coders must decide if a reporter
is responsible for bringing the issue to light versus some procedural
process making protest likely. For example, an open legislative event
that is subject to the public record would be coded as 1 even if the public
would not have known about it if it were not reported. In contrast, the
reporting of certain political practices, behaviors, or corruptions that
are not otherwise a matter of public record would be coded as 2.
3 Protest event(s) are seeking to define a "crisis" that would
otherwise not appear as such to the general public (and the media is reacting
to this).
4 Protest event(s) address some repeated or chronic problem that organizers
seek to maintain exposure for, but which take on no clear sense of immediacy
to the general public or "crisis" characteristics.
CONGRATULATIONS! YOU ARE THROUGH CODING THIS STORY SET!
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Questions or Comments? Email Oliver -at- ssc -dot- wisc -dot- edu.
Last updated
December 25, 2004
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